Mark Allen Cochran v. the State of Texas ( 2022 )

In The
Court of Appeals
Sixth Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana
No. 06-22-00089-CR
MARK ALLEN COCHRAN, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 13th District Court
Navarro County, Texas
Trial Court No. D39425-CR
Before Morriss, C.J., Stevens and van Cleef, JJ.
Memorandum Opinion by Chief Justice Morriss
MEMORANDUM OPINION
After a Navarro County jury1 found Mark Allen Cochran guilty of manufacture/delivery
of a controlled substance of four or more but less than 200 grams,2 he was sentenced to sixty-five
years’ imprisonment. In a single appellate point of error, Cochran contends that the trial court
improperly commented on the weight of the evidence in its jury charge, causing him egregious
harm. Because the trial court’s charge did not comment on the weight of the evidence, we affirm
the trial court’s judgment of conviction.
Cochran’s claim is that the comment on the weight of the evidence effectively occurred
when the trial court instructed the jury, “[M]ethamphetamine is a controlled substance.” We
disagree.
“The purpose of the jury charge is to inform the jur[ors] of the applicable law and guide
them in its application.” Beltran De La Torre v. State, 583 S.W.3d 613, 617 (Tex. Crim. App.
2019) (quoting Hutch v. State, 922 S.W.2d 166, 170 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996)). “A trial judge
must maintain neutrality in providing such information and guidance.” Id. (citing Brown v.
State, 122 S.W.3d 794, 798 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003)). Further, “[h]e or she may not express any
opinion on the weight of the evidence or draw the jury’s attention to particular facts.” Id. When
1
Originally appealed to the Tenth Court of Appeals in Waco, this case was transferred to this Court by the Texas
Supreme Court pursuant to its docket equalization efforts. See TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 73.001. We are unaware
of any conflict between precedent of the Tenth Court of Appeals and that of this Court on any relevant issue. See
TEX. R. APP. P. 41.3.
2
The State’s indictment alleged that Cochran “did then and there, knowingly and intentionally possess, with the
intent to deliver, a controlled substance, to wit: METHAMPHETAMINE in an amount by aggregate weight,
including adulterants and dilutants, of four grams or more but less than 200 grams.”
2
we review a trial court’s jury charge, we must first determine whether error occurred; if not, our
analysis ends. Kirsch v. State, 357 S.W.3d 645, 649 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012).
According to Cochran, “controlled substance” has a statutorily mandated definition,
which the trial court did not use. Cochran directs us to a portion of the court’s charge, stating,
“A person commits an offense if the person knowingly or intentionally possesses with intent to
deliver a controlled substance, and the amount of the controlled substance is, by aggregate
weight, including adulterants or dilutants, four grams or more but less than two hundred grams.
Methamphetamine is a controlled substance.”
Cochran contends that the “correct definition” of a controlled substance is found in
Section 481.002 of the Texas Health and Safety Code. Section 481.002(5) states,
“Controlled substance” means a substance, including a drug, an adulterant, and a
dilutant, listed in Schedules I through V or Penalty Group 1, 1–A, 2, 2–A, 3, or 4.
The term includes the aggregate weight of any mixture, solution, or other
substance containing a controlled substance. The term does not include hemp, as
defined by Section 121.001, Agriculture Code, or the tetrahydrocannabinols in
hemp.
TEX. HEALTH & SAFETY CODE ANN. § 481.002(5) (Supp.). Cochran maintains that, because the
trial court’s instruction did not recite the statutory definition of “controlled substance” as set
forth in Section 481.002(5), its jury charge contained error.
The Texas Health and Safety Code states, “For the purpose of establishing criminal
penalties for violations of this chapter, controlled substances, including a material, compound,
mixture, or preparation containing the controlled substance, are divided into Penalty Groups 1-
4.” TEX. HEALTH & SAFETY CODE ANN. § 481.101. Methamphetamine is listed as a controlled
substance in Penalty Group 1. TEX. HEALTH & SAFETY CODE ANN. § 481.102(6) (Supp.).
3
Consequently, the trial court’s jury instruction that “methamphetamine is a controlled substance”
was neither non-statutory nor harmful because the Texas Legislature has determined that
methamphetamine is a controlled substance.
In Ouellette v. State 353 S.W.3d 868 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011), the Texas Court of
Criminal Appeals stated, “We have previously held that when only a portion of the statutory
definition is relevant to the elements of the offense, giving the whole statutory definition may be
error.” Id. at 870. In this case, the trial court simply consolidated the relevant statutory
language, resulting in a jury instruction that could be more easily understood. We, therefore,
find that the trial court’s instructions did not contain error.3 As a result, Cochran’s contention
that the claimed error was a comment on the weight of the evidence is also without merit.
Therefore, we overrule Cochran’s point of error.
We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Josh R. Morriss, III
Chief Justice
Date Submitted: December 12, 2022
Date Decided: December 15, 2022
Do Not Publish
3
Because we find no error in the trial court’s instructions, we need not address the issue of harm.
4