in Re: Bruce Bishop ( 2020 )

CONCUR;DISSENT and Opinion Filed March 6, 2020
S In The
Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
No. 05-18-01333-CV
IN RE BRUCE BISHOP, ASHLEY HUTCHESON, DALLAS COUNTY
REPUBLICAN PARTY, AND MISSY SHOREY, Relators
Original Proceeding from the 68th Judicial District Court
Dallas County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. DC-18-14298
CONCURRING AND DISSENTING OPINION
Before the En Banc Court
Opinion by Justice Bridges
I agree with the Court’s denial of the motion for reconsideration en banc
because the appeal is moot; however, I disagree with the Court’s withdrawal of the
original opinion.
As the original author, I write separately to emphasize that, under the unique
procedural posture and facts of this case as pleaded by Margaret O’Brien, the
original underlying petition is an election contest. Accordingly, the trial court was
statutorily prohibited from granting the default judgment. See TEX. ELEC. CODE
ANN. § 221.004.
The underlying lawsuit originated when O’Brien, candidate for JP 2-1, filed
her original petition fifty-one days prior to the general election challenging Ashley
Hutcheson’s candidacy eligibility based on Hutcheson’s alleged failure to reside in
District JP 2-1. O’Brien’s original petition seeking declaratory and injunctive relief
invoked the jurisdiction of the trial court “in accordance with § 221.002 and/or
§ 273.081 of the Texas Election Code.” After Hutcheson failed to answer the
petition, O’Brien filed a motion for default judgment and asked the trial court to
enter a declaratory judgment pursuant to her original petition. The trial court granted
the no-answer default judgment eleven days before the general election.
To begin, case law is clear that “[o]nce an election begins, a challenge to the
candidacy of an individual becomes moot.” In re Uresti, 377 S.W.3d 696, 696 (Tex.
2012); De La Paz v. Gutierrez, No. 13-19-00133-CV, 2019 WL 1891137, at *4 (Tex.
App.—Corpus Christi–Edinburg Apr. 29, 2019, no pet.) (mem. op.). Arguably, the
case was moot from the moment O’Brien filed her original petition in district court
because the election process had already begun.1 Nevertheless, O’Brien and the trial
court proceeded, and we must analyze the trial court’s further action in the posture
it appears before us.
1
In fact, in her motion for new trial, Hutcheson argued, among other things, that previous decisions
rendered by this Court and the Supreme Court of Texas ruled that “any litigation that cannot be completed
before the relevant Election Code deadline is untimely and moot.”
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The concurrence asserts O’Brien’s claims were premature, but “[i]f O’Brien
was entitled to the relief sought, it was clearly contingent on the victory of her
opponent at an election that had yet to occur.” Thus, the concurrence concludes
mandamus was ultimately appropriate because the trial court was without subject
matter jurisdiction due to the ripeness doctrine.2 However, under Uresti, a challenge
to a candidate’s qualifications, even if valid grounds exist, becomes moot once an
election begins. 377 S.W.3d at 696. It does not survive the election thereby
becoming ripe for litigation post-election. The concurrence ignores this Texas
Supreme Court authority and instead cites State v. Wilson, 490 S.W.3d 619 (Tex.
App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2016, no pet.), and McDuffee v. Miller, 327 S.W.3d 808
(Tex. App.—Beaumont 2010, no pet.), neither of which supports the concurrence’s
“intimation” that residency challenges survive an election under the facts in this
case.
2
The concurrence agrees the trial court got it wrong. The question before our Court was the propriety
of granting the default judgment.
By reversing the trial court and sending the case back, our Court, in the words of the concurrence,
“created significant practical mischief separate and apart from its legal misrepresentation” because the
Court “remov[ed] the default judgment option from a trial court’s arsenal” thereby “insur[ing] that many
meritorious election-related cases to which there is no legitimate defense would go forward and instill even
more uncertainty into the election process.” Since the concurrence is engaging in hypotheticals, it is
important to note Hutcheson filed a motion for new trial in which she argued that her failure to appear was
not intentional or due to conscious indifference and that she had a meritorious defense because she lived in
the precinct. Thus, the facts here would neither, as the concurrence suggests, allow a meritorious election-
related case to go forward to which there was no legitimate defense, nor instill more uncertainty into the
election process.
Prior to our opinion, section 221.004 (effective January 1, 1986) had never been cited; therefore, it is
impossible to claim we are removing an essential weapon from any arsenal. In fact, the concurrence’s
interpretation could take away the public’s opportunity to decide an election at the ballot box.
–3–
Wilson involved a quo warranto proceeding in which the State, one month
after an election, chose to file suit challenging a candidate’s eligibility to hold office
because he did not satisfy the statutory resident requirements. 490 S.W.3d at 612.
Quo warranto and election contests are distinct proceedings. I do not disagree the
Attorney General or district or county attorney has statutory authority to raise such
challenges “to protect itself and the good of the public generally.” See Alexander
Oil Co. v. City of Seguin, 825 S.W.2d 434, 436–37 (Tex. 1991); see also TEX. CIV.
PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 66.002(a). O’Brien, however, could not raise such a
challenge. Uresti, 377 S.W.3d at 696. Rather, she would be at the mercy of state
officials with statutory authority to determine whether her (hypothetical) claim could
proceed.
In Miller, the parties challenged the residency of voters, not the residency of
candidates; therefore, the facts are inapposite to the facts at issue here. 327 S.W.3d
at 811. Moreover, the parties challenged “illegitimate votes” by alleged non-
residents, which unquestionably falls under election code section 221.003(a), but
again, is not at issue in this case.
The concurrence ignores our duty to broadly construe the pleadings in favor
of the plaintiff in determining whether a party’s pleadings invoked the trial court’s
jurisdiction. See McDuffee, 327 S.W.3d at 812 (liberally construing pleading and
concluding plaintiff invoked jurisdiction under section 221.002). O’Brien
specifically invoked the trial court’s jurisdiction pursuant to Texas Election Code
–4–
section 221.002, which falls under Title 14, “Election Contest.”3 “It is a part of the
public policy enforced by the courts of Texas that where a party invokes the exercise
of a jurisdiction within the court’s general powers, he will not thereafter be heard to
urge that the court was without jurisdiction to render the order or judgment
rendered.” See, e.g., Moore v. Moore, 430 S.W.2d 247, 250 (Tex. App.—Dallas
1968, writ ref’d n.r.e.). Parties should not be allowed to “trifle with the courts” in
such a manner. See Spence et ux. v. State Nat’l Bank of El Paso, 5 S.W.2d 754, 757
(Tex. Comm’n App. 1928) (stating that “principle is one of estoppel . . . estoppel
does not make valid the thing complained of, but merely closes the mouth of the
complainant”). Having invoked the trial court’s jurisdiction pursuant to an election
contest, O’Brien may not subsequently argue, as she did in her motion for en banc
reconsideration, that the case was not an election contest thereby negating the
applicability of section 221.004’s prohibition against default judgments. Id.
Because O’Brien pleaded an election contest and invoked the jurisdiction of
the court pursuant to section 221.002, the trial court was bound by Title 14, subtitle
A, Chapter 221. By granting a default judgment, the trial court failed to comply with
3
The overwhelming majority view among Texas appellate decisions acknowledging the Texas Supreme
Court’s holding in Dickson v. Strickland, 265 S.W.1012, 1018 (Tex. 1924) hold that the term “election
contest” includes actions challenging any step of the process by which the election is conducted. See, e.g.,
Cohen v. Clear Lake City Water Auth., 687 S.W.2d 406, 408 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1985, no
writ); Kennedy v. Burnet Indep. Sch. Dist., 474 S.W.2d 742 (Tex. App.—Austin 1971, no writ); Rawson v.
Brownsboro Indep. Sch. Dist., 263 S.W.2d 578 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1953, writ ref’d n.r.e.); Roberts v.
Brownsboro Indep. Sch. Dist., 575 S.W.2d 371 (Tex. App.—Tyler 1978, writ dism’d); Weinberg v. Molder,
312 S.W.2d 393 (Tex. App.—Waco 1958, writ ref’d n.r.e.); Turner v. Lewie, 201 S.W.2d 86 (Tex. App.—
Fort Worth 1947, writ dism’d).
–5–
the mandatory statutory provision prohibiting a default judgment in an election
contest. TEX. ELEC. CODE ANN. § 221.004; In re Nationwide Ins. Co. of. Am., 494
S.W.3d 708, 712 (Tex. 2016) (orig. proceeding) (abuse of discretion when trial
court’s ruling made without regard for guiding legal principles). The trial court
abused its discretion by signing a default judgment in direct contradiction of the
Texas Election Code. Under these circumstances, the order was void, and
Hutcheson did not need to show there was no adequate remedy by appeal. See In re
Sw. Bell Tel. Co., 35 S.W.3d 602, 605 (Tex. 2000) (orig. proceeding); In re Garza,
126 S.W.3d 268, 271 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2003, orig. proceeding) (“A void
order has no force or effect and confers no rights; it is a mere nullity.”).
/David L. Bridges/
DAVID L. BRIDGES
JUSTICE
Myers, Whitehill, Schenck, and Evans, JJ., join in this concurring and dissenting
opinion.
181333HCD.P05
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