State of Texas v. Chupik, Randall ( 2011 )

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS
OF TEXAS
NO. PD-0960-10
THE STATE OF TEXAS
v.
RANDALL CHUPIK, Appellee
ON STATE’S PETITION FOR DISCRETIONARY REVIEW
FROM THE THIRD COURT OF APPEALS
TRAVIS COUNTY
P RICE, J., filed a dissenting opinion in which M EYERS, J., joined.
DISSENTING OPINION
I would hold that the court of appeals did not err to refuse to treat the merits of the
State’s claim that the trial court erred to grant the appellee’s motion to suppress in this cause.
In any event, the court of appeals rejected the State’s appeal on an alternative basis that the
Court today does not even address before remanding the cause to the court of appeals for a
merits review. I therefore dissent.
CHUPIK — 2
I.
The trial court made a purported finding in this cause that “[t]he evidence suppressed
. . . is not of substantial importance” to the State’s case.1 The court of appeals rightly held
that, under Article 44.01(a)(5) and (i) of the Code of Criminal Procedure,2 it is the County
Attorney’s assessment of the importance of the suppressed evidence to the case, not the trial
court’s, that determines whether the State has a right to appeal from an order granting a
motion to suppress.3 Thus, the court of appeals acknowledged the State’s right to appeal.
But it went on to hold, in essence, that in the absence of any indication from the record that
there even existed a statement to be suppressed, any opinion it might render on the merits of
the State’s appeal would constitute an advisory opinion.4 I agree with the court of appeals
1
State v. Chupik, 2010 WL 1930110 (No. 03-09-00356-CR, Tex. App.—Austin, delivered May
13, 2010) (not designated for publication), at *2.
2
See T EX. C ODE C RIM. P ROC. art. 44.01(a)(5) (“The state is entitled to appeal an order of a court
in a criminal case if the order . . . grants a motion to suppress evidence, a confession, or an admission,
if jeopardy has not attached in the case and if the prosecuting attorney certifies to the trial court that
the appeal is not taken for the purpose of delay and that the evidence, confession, or admission is of
substantial importance in the case[.]”); id. (i) (“In this article, ‘prosecuting attorney’ means the county
attorney, district attorney, or criminal district attorney who has the primary responsibility of
prosecuting cases in the court hearing the case and does not include an assistant prosecuting
attorney.”). In Travis County, the County Attorney has the primary responsibility for prosecuting cases
in the county court at law, where this misdemeanor DWI was prosecuted.
3
State v. Chupik, supra, at *3.
4
See id. (construing this Court’s opinion in Gonzales v. State, 966 S.W.2d 521 (Tex. Crim.
App. 1998), to be “an application of the broader principle that courts do not decide abstract questions
of law or issue advisory opinions.”).
CHUPIK — 3
that, if the trial court’s grant of the appellee’s motion to suppress did not, for all the record
reveals,5 actually result in the suppression of concrete evidence, then any opinion the court
of appeals might offer with respect to the legality of the trial court’s ruling would be purely
academic and therefore purely advisory. Neither the federal exclusionary rule nor our own
statutory exclusionary rules will come into play if there is no evidence to exclude, and for the
court of appeals to write an opinion on the question whether a Fifth Amendment violation
occurred in this case would have no effect on the prosecution as it goes forward. While
compliance with the certification requirement of Article 44.01(a)(5) may fully suffice to
secure the State’s right to appeal the granting of a motion to suppress, it does not and could
not authorize the court of appeals to issue an advisory opinion.6 Nothing about this Court’s
opinion in Johnson v. State,7 which the majority cites and Judge Johnson finds controlling,
purports to indicate otherwise.
5
As the State conceded on appeal. Id. (“The State concedes that the record does not reflect the
questions and answers, if any, that were suppressed by the court.”).
6
See, e.g., Armstrong v. State, 805 S.W.2d 791, 794 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991) (although State
had the right to appeal a particular issue under Article 44.01(c), court of appeals nevertheless correctly
dismissed State’s appeal to avoid rendering an advisory opinion, since appellate courts in Texas “are
without authority to render advisory opinions”). Cf. Morrow v. Corbin, 122 Tex. 553, 562, 62 S.W.2d
641, 646 (1933) (appellate courts in Texas have original and appellate jurisdiction under the Texas
Constitution, but are not constitutionally “given any advisory power”).
7
871 S.W.2d 744, 749 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994).
CHUPIK — 4
II.
The court of appeals voiced an alternate justification for rejecting the State’s argument
on appeal. Although Officer Mabe’s roadside encounter with the appellee may have been
recorded in its entirety by a video system in his squad car, the recording as it arrived in the
court of appeals “ends when [the appellee’s car] is stopped.”8 The admissibility of any
statement that the appellee may have given after the HGN test was administered would turn
on whether the appellee was, at that time, subjected to custodial detention so as to call for
Miranda warnings.9 Because there was no live testimony adduced at the suppression hearing
with respect to what happened after the HGN test, the only possible evidence that might have
illuminated the question whether the appellee was under custodial detention, and thus should
have been Mirandized, at the time he made any post-HGN statement, was the video tape.10
But, because there is no such video tape in the record, either because it does not exist or
because the portion that was admitted at the hearing inexplicably ends when the appellee’s
car was stopped, the court of appeals declared that it had no basis to review (much less reject)
the trial court’s ruling with respect to the admissibility of any post-HGN statements.11 Thus,
8
State v. Chupik, supra, at *1.
9
Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966).
10
State v. Chupik, supra, at *4.
11
Id.
CHUPIK — 5
the court of appeals essentially held, even if any opinion it might render would not be purely
advisory, the State would nevertheless lose the appeal because it failed to present a record
sufficient to demonstrate that the trial court’s ruling was erroneous.
Just last week we reiterated that the appealing party has the burden to present a record
on appeal that is sufficient to demonstrate error in the trial court.12 In that case, it was a
defendant who appealed from his conviction but lost because he failed to assure a record on
appeal that memorialized the particular error he asserted. But sauce for the defense-bar
goose is sauce for the prosecutorial gander. Here, it is the State’s appeal, and the State
Prosecuting Attorney does not argue that the court of appeals erred in its alternate holding.
If only for this reason, we should affirm the court of appeals’s judgment. To the decision
nevertheless to remand the cause to the court of appeals—to what end, I cannot comprehend,
given that court’s alternate holding—I respectfully dissent.
FILED: June 15, 2011
PUBLISH
12
Davis v. State, __ S.W.3d __, 2011 WL 2200812 (No. PD-0845-10, Tex. Crim. App.,
delivered June 8, 2011), at *__ (slip op. at 12).