Hall v. State , 31 Tex. Crim. 565 ( 1893 )

Appellant was tried for and convicted of an assault with intent to murder his wife, and the jury assessed his punishment at a term of six years in the State penitentiary, from which conviction he prosecutes an appeal.

The prosecution, over objection, was permitted to prove by the wife, that defendant assaulted her at Syracuse, Kansas, in 1887; that she was sick; that defendant rode up to the house where she was, on a horse, got off, came in, and caught her little girl by the hair and dragged her around, and then struck his wife over the head with a gun, and knocked her down, and jumped on her, and beat her horribly.

The defendant's theory of this case was, that he was too drunk at the time of the assault to form or entertain the specific intent to kill, and that the assault arose from a sudden impulse, and not from malice. To meet this, as well as to prove motive and malice, the State was permitted to prove the acts of ill-treatment and bad conduct by defendant towards his wife, running back through several years, including threats to take her life; that they separated four times, the last of which separations occurred at Hot Springs, Arkansas, in April, 1892; that they had not lived together since the latter separation; and that each reconciliation occurred at his solicitation. To meet defendant's theory of temporary insanity produced from the recent use of intoxicating liquor, all such acts, previous ill-treatment, and threats were proper and legitimate testimony, to show malice, ill-will, and motive on his part, and also as explanatory of his real purpose in making the assault alleged. The assault objected to was so connected with the other facts of the case as to render it admissible for the purposes indicated.

Mr. Wharton says: "On the trial of a husband for the murder of his wife, the State has a right to prove a course of ill-treatment by the husband of the wife." Whart. Crim. Ev., 9 ed., sec. 51, and note 3, for collated authorities.

Again, he says: "Long ill-treatment by husband of wife, misconduct by him leading to a suit against him by his wife to compel good behavior, and violent quarrels between husband and wife, are relevant to prove motive in cases of marital homicide, though, as instances of such quarrels are very numerous, generally expending their force in words, such proof is entitled to little weight, unless connected in some way with the fatal wound." Id., sec. 786, and notes 3, 4, 5, 6, for supporting authorities.

In McCann v. The People, 3 Parker's Criminal Reports, 272, it was ruled, that evidence was admissible on the question of motive to show that about six months before the homicide the wife made a complaint against her husband for an assault, on which he was held to bail. In a similar case it was held, that it was competent for the government to show that sometime before the alleged killing the wife had complained of her husband as a disorderly person, and he was adjudged to pay $2 weekly for her support. The People v. Williams, 3 Parker Crim. Rep., 84; McCann v. The People, Id., 272; Poindexter v. Commonwealth, 33 Grat., 766.

In Sayers v. Commonwealth, 88 Pennsylvania State, 291, it was held, that where it had been shown that the prisoner had domestic troubles, extending over years, it was not error to admit evidence of a quarrel that occurred about two years before the murder, for the purpose of showing hatred and malice on the part of the prisoner. It appeared that the deceased refused to live with the prisoner, and he made repeated efforts to induce her to permit him to do so, one of which immediately preceded his shooting her.

This case is directly in point, for it is shown that a short time prior to the assault alleged in this cause, defendant visited his wife, and threatened to kill her. He had an open knife, and told her that he would "kill her if it was the last act of his life." At the time of the alleged assault he was seeking to induce her to live with him. This she refused to do, and the assault followed. Under the circumstances of this case, we are of opinion that the evidence was admissible as tending to prove malice as well as the condition of the defendant's mind in relation to the issue of temporary insanity at the time he made the assault charged.

Testimony in relation to the various separations which had occurred between defendant and his wife was, for the same reasons, also competent evidence.

Defendant offered to prove by the wife that immediately before the assault she refused to live with him, and further informed him she intended to live with another party, who was possessed of more money than himself. On objection by the State, this testimony was excluded. Its exclusion was certainly not injurious to the defendant, as it strongly tended to prove motive and malice, and, if true, was strong evidence tending to show that he was possessed of his reasoning powers, and was not temporarily insane from intoxication at the time of the assault.

The court did not err in failing to charge upon the effect of this evidence, and in omitting to restrict it as a fact tending to prove motive or malice. The authorities cited by appellant sustain the proposition that when independent, contemporaneous crimes, or crimes showing system, are adduced and relied on to connect the accused with the offense on trial, or to develop res gestæ, or to show intent, they should be restricted to their proper office by appropriate instructions. The rule grows out of the necessity of protecting the accused against conviction of an offense not charged in the indictment, and to guard him from prejudice that might occur on account of such crimes being admitted as evidence. But the evidence under discussion is a part and parcel of this case, belongs to and grows out of it, is not an independent offense, and does not come within the rule invoked by defendant. The instructions fairly presented the law of the case. We are of opinion that no error occurred during the trial requiring a reversal of the judgment, and it is therefore affirmed.

Affirmed.

Judges all present and concurring.