Palmer v. State , 48 Tex. Crim. 553 ( 1905 )

Appellant was convicted of an assault with intent to murder, and his punishment assessed at a term of two years confinement in the State penitentiary; hence this appeal.

Prosecutor and wife Ida Johnson, lived a few hundred yards from where appellant lived. A feud existed between them. About nightfall on the occasion in question some one came to the house of prosecutor and fired into the room (the house containing only one room) through a "cat-hole" (as the witnesses call it) in the door, wounding the prosecutor and one Sims, who happended to be visiting there at the time. The parties in the house did not see who fired the shots, but immediately after the first shot was fired, Sims says, "What is that? Have you got any cannons here to fire?" Witness Ida Johnson said, "No, sir, that is Lige Palmer shooting in here." According to the bill of exceptions the question and answer thereto was objected to because the same was hearsay, and a mere conclusion and opinion of the witness as to who it was doing the shooting, because witness did not see or know at the time who it was doing the shooting; and that said testimony was calculated to prejudice appellant with the jury. However, the court, in explaining the bill of exceptions states "no motion was made to have the testimony excluded, and the only objection made by defendant was in these words, `we object to that. Our exception goes to the further proposition that they have not connected defendant with the transaction.'" Inasmuch as the explanation of the court must control the bill of exceptions, it must be considered that this was the only objection urged. The objection that the testimony was hearsay and not res gestæ, does not appear to have been raised. If it had been properly raised an interesting question would be presented. Res gestæ is the transaction voicing itself; that is what was said or done by the parties to the transaction at the time of its happening. Ida Johnson, as well as her husband were evidently parties to the transaction, and appellant entertained malice against both. Here, however, the declarant could not know that it was appellant doing the shooting, and her exclamation was only her surmise or opinion based upon what had happened previous to this transaction. We are of opinion, had the question been properly raised, that this was not the transaction voicing itself.

Our holding in regard to this bill of exceptions is applicable to appellant's bill number 2, with reference to the testimony of Harrison Sims, as to a similar expression of Johnson (prosecutor) made at the same time and under the same circumstances.

Appellant placed his witness, Sarah Palmer, on the stand, and proved that before the firing at Johnson's house, her husband came home in a drunken condition and laid down on the floor, and was in the house during the whole time that the shooting was going on, over at the Johnson house. On cross-examination, the State asked this witness a number of questions, which appellant claims was not germane to her examination in chief. It may be that some of the questions asked were not, but those were upon immaterial matters and the answers of the witness were favorable to appellant. There was no error to the injury of appellant by this procedure.

Appellant objected to the charge of the court, because of the failure of the charge to instruct the jury on aggravated assault. He says this should have been done, because appellant had no malice against the alleged injured party, Johnson, and had no specific intent to injure him, much less to kill him. The record unquestionably shows that appellant entertained malice against the wife of prosecutor Johnson, and made a threat against her. He went to the house and evidently ascertained where the parties were sitting, as they had a light in the room, poked his gun into the room, fired upon them at close range; notwithstanding the proof shows that the shot were squirrel shot, evidently the weapon as used was capable of inflicting death or serious bodily injury, which might end in death. Both Johnson and Sims were wounded by the first fire. Johnson's heel was shot off, and he testifies that the round of the chair on which he was sitting was shot in two, and Sims was shot in the leg. Although the parties in the house were very much terrified and insisted that appellant desist from firing any more, he continued, firing into the house four or five more shots, manifesting his purpose. Under the circumstances it does not occur to us that, even if it be conceded he had no special malice towards Johnson —, but only against his wife, it could not be said he did not have the specific intent to kill him. As presented the case in this respect would be very much like one firing into a crowd indiscriminately. Malice would be presumed in such a case.

Appellant's criticism of the court's charge on alibi is not tenable. Neither was the court required to charge on circumstantial evidence, as the testimony of Essie Hill developed a case of positive evidence against appellant as the party doing the shooting.

There was no occasion for the court to charge as to the age of Essie Hill. The testimony showed that she was over 9 years of age at the time she testified.

There being no error in the record, the judgment is affirmed.

Affirmed.