State ex rel. Kent Lumber Co. v. Superior Court , 46 Wash. 516 ( 1907 )

Mount, J.

This case is presented here upon certiorari to review an order made in condemnation, adjudging certain lands necessary for the use of respondent railway company. The record show’s that the respondent, Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Company, on April 3, 1907, filed a petition to condemn certain lands in King county for a right of way for raihvay purposes. The petition alleged all the facts necessary to authorize the condemnation. The relator appeared to that petition and answ’ered, alleging in substance that the relator is a railroad corporation engaged in carrying passengers and freight for hire, and that it had appropriated a portion of the lands claimed by the petition for a public use, and was and is occupying the same with a railroad. It also alleged that the city of Seattle had heretofore acquired an easement for erecting and maintaining pole lines for the transmission of light and power on and across all the lands sought by petitioner, and that if petitioner were allowed to acquire the right of way sought, the same would be detrimental to the casement of the city of Seattle. The answer also alleged that the city of Seattle had passed an ordinance authorizing the petitioner to occupy the lands sought as a right of way for its railway, provided the petitioner would‘not permit its cars to be open while running through Cedar River valley and over the lands sought to be condemned, the distance being about ten miles, and not permit ingress and egress to and from its trains, or receive or discharge freight, or maintain yards, switches, or other railroad facilities thereon; and that the petitioner had accepted and agreed to the conditions of such ordinance. It was alleged that, by reason of these facts, the petitioner is not a public service corporation as to that locality, and should not be permitted to condemn the interest of relator in said lands.

Upon the trial of the issues made by the pleadings, the facts appeared in substance as follows: The relator is a domestic corporation. One of its powers defined by its charter is to build, operate, and maintain railroads in King county, and carry freight and passengers over the same for hire. It owns and operates sawmills at Kent, its principal place of business. It also owns large tracts of timber lands in King county along Cedar river. ¹ In 1904 the city of Seattle acquired from relator, by condemnation for pole line purposes, a strip of land lying on both sides of Cedar river and west of Cedar lake. This strip of land is from eight hundred to twelve hundred feet in width. At the time of the condemnation by the .city, the rights were reserved to the relator, the owner of the fee, to remove timber and maintain and construct logging roads over the said land for a certain length of time. The relator has constructed a railroad along the Cedar river,, and along the city pole line right of way, for a distance of some two or three miles, ana has in operation, including side tracks, about six miles of railway. This railway has been used for hauling logs to its mills at Kent. It has not done, nor has it pretended to do, a public business. In 1906 the respondent, Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Company, located its route of railway along Cedar river and through the lands which the city of Seattle had condemned for pole line purposes. The city of Seattle by ordinance granted the railway company a right of way one hundred feet wide, through the lands in dispute, upon condition .that no station should be established between certain points and no stops made by trains for the purpose of receiving or discharging passengers upon the lands so granted, and other conditions. These conditions were accepted by the railway company. At two places the right of way sought to be condemned in this action infringes longitudinally upon the railway of relator for short distances, and at another place the two lines cross each other. In the petition for condemnation the respondent stipulates to erect and maintain an overhead crossing for relator, and a written stipulation to the same- effect was filed at the trial.

The relator contends, first, that, because it is a public service corporation, the respondent company is not authorized to condemn any part of relator’s railway. The record in this case is convincing that relator’s railroad is in no sense a public service road. It is true, the articles of incorporation recite that one of the purposes of the Kent Lumber Company is to construct railroads and to carry freight and passengers thei’coxx, and it is true that the corporation has built about six miles of road, includixxg side tracks, through a timbered section of country; and there xvas also evidence to the effect that relator xvas xxulling to carry freight and .passengers for the public for hire. Bxxt it xvas also shown that there xvas no sxxbstaxxtial equipment for such service. The Kent Lumber Company xnaintaixxs no statioxxs, and xxo schedules for train service, axxd xxo rates for freight or passexxger traffic. The road xvas so located that there is no public busixxess tributary to it, and it does no business except the private business of the Kent Lumber Company. We think the trial court correctly found that relator’s railroad was a private enterprise, for use only in its own private business, viz., hauling logs and timber to its mill, and therefore was subject to be condemned. But even if relator’s road were a common carrier, the respondent company was authorized to condemn a crossing under the provisions of the statute, Bal. Code, § 4335 (P. C. § 7090) ; and also to take a portion of its right of way or road where there is necessity therefor, and where the same may be taken without material detriment to the established road. State ex rel. Columbia Valley R. Co. v. Superior Court, 45 Wash. 316, 88 Pac. 332, and cases cited. The law is also settled in this state that respondent may limit by stipulation the rights or easements which it seeks to acquire, and such stipulation is binding upon the landowner. Oregon R. & Nav. Co. v. Owsley, 3 Wash. Ter. 38, 13 Pac. 186; Seattle etc. R. Co. v. State, 7 Wash. 150, 34 Pac. 551, 38 Am. St. 866, 22 L. R. A. 217; Seattle etc. R. Co. v. Roeder, 30 Wash. 244, 70 Pac. 498.

Relator also contends that respondent might have located its right of way at some place other than the place selected, and some evidence was introduced to this effect. But the term “necessity,” as used in the statute, does not mean an absolute necessity and that there shall be no other place for the location of the road, but means a reasonable necessity depending upon the circumstances of the particular case. Samish River Boom Co. v. Union Boom Co., 32 Wash. 586, 73 Pac. 670; 2 Lewis, Eminent Domain (2d ed.), § 393. We think such necessity is shown here.

Relator also contends that, because no station will be permitted and no traffic received by the respondent railway company for a distance of some ten or twelve miles along the Cedar river, therefore the enterprise is not a public use within this limited territory, and that the right of eminent domain should be denied. It was shown that this condition was demanded by the city of Seattle and accepted by the respondent company, in order that the water supply of the city might not be contaminated by the operation or construction of the road. This seems to have been a reasonablé requirement for the protection of the health of. the citizens of Seattle. The fact that for a distance of ten or twelve miles the railway company agrees not to maintain stations or receive and discharge passengers or freight, does not take away the public character of the railway or make it any the less a common carrier. There are of necessity long stretches of track where trains do not stop for business and where no stations are maintained. Business is received at reasonable intervals and fixed places where the public are best and most reasonably accommodated. These intervals are sometimes regulated by the statute and sometimes by the carriers themselves. But where the statute does not fix such stations, it would seem that a landowner could not, as a matter of right, demand a station on his property or at some place designated by him, and in case of the refusal of the carrier to comply with such demand, that such carrier would thereby change its character as a common carrier. Stations must be established and business received at certain reasonable points. Otherwise the business of the carrier might become impossible of orderly transaction. The fact that the railway company agrees not to construct a station or to receive business within the limited district, appears upon this record to be reasonable. It clearly does not take away from the respondent the right or power of eminent domain.

It is also contended that the respondent railway company is not authorized to appropriate this land, for the reason that it has already been appropriated by the city for a pole line for the transmission of electricity to said city and for the further purpose of protecting its water supply. We may assume for the purposes of this case, without deciding, that relator can raise these objections. It appears, that the city has granted its permission for a right of way to respondent company; that the city has power to acquire property or to dispose of the same as the interests of the same require. . Pierce’s Code, §§ 3728, 3732, 3735 (Bal. Code, §§ 735, 739, 742); § 1 of the city charter. While the city does not own the fee, it owns an interest in the land which may be waived or granted to another public use (Seattle v. Columbia etc. R. Co., 6 Wash. 379, 33 Pac. 1048), subject to the rights of the owner of the fee. Whatever rights the owner of the fee has left are subject to condemnation for a public use, especially where the two uses can run together, as appears to be the case here.

We find no error in the record. The order of the lower court is therefore affirmed.

Hadley, C. J., Dunbar, Root, Fullerton, Crow, and Rudkin, JJ., concur.