Neilsen v. Hovander , 56 Wash. 93 ( 1909 )

Crow, J.

Action by Mary F. Neilsen against H. O. Hovander and Otis Hovander, to recover damages for assault and battery. From a judgment in her favor, the defendants have appealed.

Respondent alleged the assault and battery, insulting, profane, and defamatory language used by appellants, and her damages. The answer was a general denial. There was evidence that H. O. Hovander, father of Otis Hovander, owns two farms in Whatcom county, one located immediately west, and the other east of, land belonging to the respondent; that on the day of the assault, the appellants attempted to drive a two-horse team and wagon through respondent’s gate and across her land; that she held the gate and forbade them entering; that one of them, with violence and force, opened the gate; and that the difficulty then, occurred. The respondent testified that the appellants kicked and beat her; that they struck her with a leather strap; that they used insulting, profane, and defamatory language to her, which she repeated on the witness stand; that she was physically injured; that she was humiliated and chagrined, and that the appellants, with violence and force, did trespass upon and cross her land. In these statements, some of which are denied by appellants, the respondent is corroborated.

The appellants contend that the trial court erred, (1) in excluding competent and material evidence; (2) in failing to give requested instructions; (3) in refusing a new trial; and (4) in entering judgment for the respondent.

To show the existence of an alleged public road established by prescription over the respondent’s land at the point where the difficulty occurred, the appellants offered evidence which was excluded by the trial court. They now contend that error was thereby committed, and that the existence or nonexistence of the road was a material and important fact for the consideration of the jury. Assuming that appellant could have shown the alleged highway in fact existed, it was nevertheless undisputed that the respondent had fenced and inclosed it as her private property; that she was then, and had been for some time, in exclusive possession; that she had forbidden appellants trespassing thereon, and that they did so with force and violence. If the respondent did in fact close or obstruct a legal highway and deprive the appellants of its use, her wrongful act, even though it created a public nuisance, did not excuse their acts in taking the law into their own hands, in making a violent assault, and in committing a breach of the peace, to open the road and abate the nuisance. Appellants, in effect, contend that, in presenting their defense, they were entitled to show the existence of the highway as justification. Their answer contained denials only. No facts or circumstances tending to show justification were pleaded by them.

On the trial they asked permission to amend their answer, by alleging:

“That at the point of the alleged difficulty there was an old public road or highway long in use and established by adverse user and prescription along and through the land of plaintiff as defendants verily believe and so state the facts to be.”

The respondent objected to the proposed amendment, claiming surprise, and that she was unprepared to meet the same for want of witnesses. Thereupon the trial judge said:

“The plaintiff in this case would be entitled, if this amendment should be allowed, on their statement (her attorneys) that they would be unprepared to meet the issues as framed, to an allowance of this amendment only on terms. The terms would be, and could not be other than the payment by the defendants of the entire costs of this proceeding up until this time, including witness fees and jury fees that have been paid, on the statement of plaintiff’s counsel that they could not proceed further to trial at this time.”

To this rilling the appellants excepted. They declined to accept or comply with the terms imposed. The ruling of the trial judge was without error, being a proper exercise of his discretion. The appellants having failed to accept or comply with the terms offered, are in no position to now contend that evidence offered to show the existence of a highway was erroneously excluded.

Other assignments of error are predicated upon the refusal of the trial court to admit evidence of advice of the county attorney given appellants concerning the highway, and also upon the refusal of the trial judge to give certain requested instructions. These contentions are without merit, as in their final analysis they involve the same question that was presented by the exclusion of evidence to show the existence of a county road. The respondent had enclosed the land. It had been fenced for some time. She was in peaceable and exclusive possession. There was evidence tending to-show a violent and inexcusable assault upon her by the appellants. The pleadings presented no issue as to the existence of a highway, none being alleged, mentioned, or suggested therein, nor did the appellants affirmatively plead any fact in justification.

“Under a mere general denial, the defendant cannot introduce evidence tending to prove justification of the assault.” 2 Ency. Plead. & Prac., 862.

“Matter of justification cannot be given in evidence under the general issue, but must be pleaded specially, and so fully as to admit proof which will have the effect of exonerating defendant.” 3 Cyc. 1084.

See, also, Yeska v. Swendrzynski, 133 Wis. 475, 113 N. W. 959; Harden v. Hodges, 33 Tex. Civ. App. 155, 76 S. W. 217.

The appellants further contend that the court erred in refusing a new trial on account of excessive damages awarded under the influence of passion and prejudice. The verdict was for $1,000. The motion for a new trial was denied on-condition that $250 of this amount be remitted, which was done. The appellants, however, contend that $750, for which final judgment was entered, is still excessive. There was-sufficient evidence to show that respondent was seriously injured; that the assault was unprovoked, violent, and vicious;, and that it was accompanied by language of a scandalous and profane character used by appellants, which tended to defame and vilify her. In view of all the circumstances and the action of the trial judge, we cannot conclude that we should hold the damages awarded are still excessive.

The judgment is affirmed.

Rudkin, C. J., Mount, Parker, and Dunbar, JJ., concur.