In Re The Marriage Of: Todd A. Porter v. Michelle T. Porter ( 2018 )

FILED
COURT.OF APPEALS DIVI
'STATE OF WASHINGTON
2U18JAfl29 AN 9:31
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
In the Matter of the Marriage of: )
) DIVISION ONE
TODD A. PORTER, )
) No. 76067-0-1
Respondent, )
) UNPUBLISHED OPINION
and )
)
MICHELE T. PORTER, )
)
Appellant. ) FILED: January 29, 2018
)
DWYER, J. — The superior court was asked to calculate the percentage of
Todd Porter's military retirement pension owed to Michele Porter by giving effect
to a dissolution decree entered in a Florida circuit court in 2003. The superior
court entered an order calculating the percentage due to Michele) It is from this
order that Michele appeals.
We conclude that the superior court did not err in its reading of the
dissolution decree or its corresponding arithmetic calculation. We affirm.
1 For ease of reference, the parties are referred to by their first name.
No. 76067-0-1/2
Todd and Michele were married in January 1989. They separated in June
2001. Before, during, and after their marriage, Todd served in the United States
Navy and earned a military pension.
On July 17, 2002, while still serving in the Navy, Todd submitted a petition
for dissolution of marriage to the Duval County Circuit Court in Florida. On April
15, 2003, after a three-day bench trial, the Florida court issued a final judgment
of dissolution of marriage. As part of its decree, the court awarded Michele a
percentage of the value of Todd's anticipated military pension. The decree's
military pension provision read:
The Court assigns to the Wife, and the Wife shall be the
owner of, an interest in the marital portion of the Husband's gross
disposable retirement pay from the United States Navy. The Wife
is hereby determined to be entitled to receive a pro rata share of
those military benefits accruing to her as of July 17, 2002, the date
on which this dissolution of marriage was filed, based upon the
Husband's rank at the time of filing of 0-4 and his rate of pay of 0-4
with over fifteen years of service, based upon a fraction the
numerator of which is the duration of the marriage during the
Husband's creditable military service (150 months) and the
denominator is the total of the Husband's months of creditable
military service, divided by two plus her percentage share of cost of
living adjustments.
In August 2003, Michele unilaterally sought and obtained an order from
the Florida circuit court assigning Todd's military pension that contained
language different from that set forth in the dissolution decree. In 2005, the
parties agreed to a consent order amending the August 2003 order to correspond
with the original language of the dissolution decree.
2
No. 76067-0-1/3
On January 1, 2009, Todd retired from the Navy after nearly 22 years of
military service. He was credited with 262 service months applicable to his
pension benefit.
Shortly thereafter, the parties sought to obtain a division of property award
for Todd's military pension from the Defense Finance and Accounting Service
(DFAS). DFAS responded that it could not issue the division of property award
due to the wording of the 2005 amended order. By way of explanation, DFAS
stated that the 2005 amended order provided "for a division of retired/retainer
pay by means of a hypothetical amount of retired pay as of the time of divorce"
but did "not provide enough information to calculate the amount of the
hypothetical retired pay."
Thereafter, neither party immediately sought to resolve the military
pension division. By the summer of 2013, both parties had relocated from
Florida—Todd had moved to Maryland and Michele had moved to Washington.
In June 2013, Todd registered the 2005 amended order as a foreign judgment in
the King County Superior Court.
After negotiations between the parties failed, Todd submitted a
"Motion/Declaration for Correction to a Military Retirement Order" to the superior
court. As part of the proceeding, the parties stipulated that they would divide the
pension according to the dissolution decree. Todd retained an accountant who
calculated that Michele was entitled to 16.28 percent of his military pension.
Todd submitted this calculation to Michele but received no response.
3
No. 76067-0-1/4
Thereafter, Todd petitioned the superior court to enter an order finding
that, based on the dissolution decree and his accountant's calculations, Michele
was entitled to 16.28 percent of Todd's military pension. At a special setting,
both parties presented to the superior court their reading of the dissolution
decree and their calculations of the benefits due.
The superior court determined that the decree was unambiguous, adopted
Todd's calculation methodology, and entered an order finding that Michele was
entitled to 16.28 percent of Todd's military pension.2
II
Michele contends that the superior court did not give full faith and credit to
the military pension provision set forth in the Florida circuit court's dissolution
decree. We disagree.
A
We review de novo whether the superior court accorded full faith and
credit to a foreign judgment. Brown v. Garrett, 175 Wn. App. 357, 367, 306 P.3d
1014(2013)(citing SCM Grp. USA, Inc. v. Protek Mach. Co., 136 Wn. App. 569,
574, 150 P.3d 141 (2007); Tonga Air Servs., Ltd. v. Fowler, 118 Wn.2d 718, 725,
826 P.2d 204 (1992)).
Under the full faith and credit clause of the United States
Constitution, a judgment rendered by one state is entitled to
recognition in Washington. U.S. CONST. art. IV,§ 1 ("Full faith and
credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, records, and
judicial proceedings of every other state."); State v. Berry, 141
Wn.2d 121, 127-28, 5 P.3d 658(2000); Williams v. S.S. Mut.
Underwriting Ass'n, 45 Wn.2d 209, 213, 273 P.2d 803(1954);
Idaho Dep't of Health & Welfare v. Holieson, 42 Wn. App. 69, 70,
2 Michele later moved for reconsideration, which was denied.
-4-
No. 76067-0-1/5
708 P.2d 661 (1985). "'The Full Faith and Credit Clause provides
a means for ending litigation by putting to rest matters previously
decided between adverse parties in any state or territory of the
United States.'" Berry, 141 Wn.2d at 127(quoting In re Estate of
Tolson, 89 Wn. App. 21, 29, 947 P.2d 1242(1997)).
Brown, 175 Wn. App. at 366.
Consequently, a party seeking to collaterally attack a foreign order may do
so "only if the court lacked jurisdiction or constitutional violations were involved."
OneWest Bank, FSB v. Erickson, 185 Wn.2d 43, 56, 367 P.3d 1063(2016)
(quoting Berry, 141 Wn.2d at 128). "Otherwise, a Washington court'must give
full faith and credit to the foreign judgment and regard the issues thereby
adjudged to be precluded in a Washington proceeding." OneWest Bank, 185
Wn.2d at 56 (internal quotation marks omitted)(quoting Berry, 141 Wn.2d at
128).
Neither party contests that the Florida circuit court had jurisdiction over the
dissolution proceedings. Nor does either party present argument that the
dissolution decree was entered in a manner constituting a constitutional violation.
Given that, the full faith and credit clause precludes Washington courts
from inquiring into the dissolution decree's "merits . . . , the logic or consistency
of the decision, or the validity of the legal principles on which the judgment is
based." OneWest Bank, 185 Wn.2d at 59(quoting Milliken v. Meyer, 311 U.S.
457, 462, 61 S. Ct. 339, 85 L. Ed. 278 (1940)). This is so even if the court order
was mistakenly entered in violation of the sister state's statutory or judicial
authority. Berry, 141 Wn.2d at 127; In re Estate of Storer, 14 Wn. App. 687, 690,
544 P.2d 95 (1975).
5
No. 76067-0-1/6
Accordingly, the principles of comity inhering in the full faith and credit
clause require that we recognize and give effect to the dissolution decree entered
by the Florida circuit court, regardless of whether the decree properly reflects
Florida law.
"Under the full faith and credit clause, a state is required to enforce the
judgment of sister states." OneWest Bank, 185 Wn.2d at 64. Enforcing a foreign
judgment requires the court tasked with enforcement to read and understand the
judgment sought to be enforced. It may also require the court to engage in fact-
finding in order to effectuate the judgment.
The parties herein requested that the superior court enforce the Florida
dissolution decree by determining the percentage of Todd's military retirement
pay that was owed to Michele. In order to determine this percentage, the
superior court reviewed and sought to understand the military pension provision
of the dissolution decree. Upon its review, the superior court found that the plain
language of the dissolution decree meant "that the denominator of the coverture
fraction should be the number of months of creditable service on the date of the
Petitioner's [Todd's] retirement."
We conclude that the superior court properly understood the dissolution
decree. Notably, the decree indicated that the numerator was 150 months but
left the denominator unspecified as "the total of the Husband's months of
creditable military service." As an initial matter, the decree's use of "total"
suggests that the denominator was the total number of months of creditable
-6
No. 76067-0-1/7
military service that Todd had spent in the Navy at the time of his retirement,
rather than Todd's total creditable months of Navy service at the time of the
separation filing.
Moreover, that no specific number was set forth as the denominator
suggests that the denominator was unknown to the parties when the decree was
entered—otherwise, the decree would, presumably, have set forth a specific
number for the denominator, as was done with the numerator. This suggests
that the denominator was Todd's total months of creditable military service as of
his retirement. Indeed, when the decree was entered, Todd had not yet retired
from the Navy and that number was thus unknown to the parties at the time.
This understanding of the decree's military retirement pension provision is
consistent with the interpretation of a similarly worded decree in Johnson v.
Johnson, 162 So.3d 137, 138(Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2014), a decision by a Florida
appellate court. In Johnson, the court considered the meaning of a military
retirement pay provision in a marital settlement agreement. The court read the
agreement and determined that, regarding the ex-wife's marital portion,
Mlle amount was to be calculated with the following formula set
forth in the agreement:
1 X 10 years (term of marriage)
2 (total number of years of creditable
United States Naval Service)
Johnson, 162 So.3d at 138(emphasis added). Upon review of this language, the
Florida appellate court concluded that "[t]he terms of the Consent Final Judgment
were unambiguous. All that was left for the trial court to do was determine the
former husband's total number of years of military service to complete the
7
No. 76067-0-1/8
fraction, and then perform the mathematical calculation." Johnson, 162 So.3d at
138(emphasis added).
Given our interpretation of the pertinent language of the decree and its
alignment with a Florida appellate court's interpretation of substantially similar
language, we conclude that the superior court did not err in its reading of the
decree.3
C
Having properly understood the meaning of the decree, the superior court
was next tasked with finding a specific fact—the percentage of Todd's military
retirement pension owed to Michele. The superior court adopted Todd's
proposed calculation and found that Michele was entitled to 16.28 percent of
Todd's military retirement pension.
This arithmetic calculation is supported by substantial evidence.
Accordingly, there was no error.4
3 Michele contends that the superior court erred because full faith and credit required the
superior court to interpret the decree in accordance with Florida law, relying on In re Marriage of
Gimlett, 95 Wn.2d 699, 704-05, 629 P.2d 450(1981), In re Marriage of Chavez, 80 Wn. App. 432,
435-36, 909 P.2d 314(1996), and McGill v. Hill, 31 Wn. App. 542, 548, 644 P.2d 680(1982), in
claimed support for this proposition. However, none of these decisions analyzed a foreign
judgment in the context of the full faith and credit clause. Accordingly, Michele's reliance is
unavailing.
Michele next relies on an amendment to the Uniformed Services Former Spouses'
Protection Act, 10 U.S.C. § 1408. But Michele's appellate briefing concedes that this prospective
amendment becomes effective in the year 2018, more than 15 years after the dissolution decree
here at issue was entered in the Florida circuit court.
4 Michele requests an award of attorney fees arising from the litigation in this matter. The
parties spar over whether legal authority exists to support such an award. We need not resolve
the debate given that, were we to possess discretion to enter such an award, we would decline to
do so.
8
No. 76067-0-1/9
Affirmed.
We concur:
9