Kevin Porter v. Nathaniel Boisso ( 2015 )

FILED
JUNE 16,2015
In the Office of the Clerk of Court
W A State Court of Appeals, Division 1Il
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION THREE
KEVIN PORTER, )
) No. 31805-2-111
Appellant, ) (cons. with No. 31809-5-111)
)
v. )
)
NATHANIEL (NATE) BOIS SO, )
PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE OF ) PUBLISHED OPINION
THE ESTATE OF CHARLES BOISSO, )
)
Respondent. )
SIDDOWAY, C.J. - A creditor of a decedent's estate who is notified by the
personal representative of rejection of his claim is required by Washington's nonclaim
statute to bring suit within 30 days, failing which his claim is forever barred. RCW
11.40.100. The statute provides that the personal representative's notification of rejection
"must advise the claimant that the claimant must bring suit in the proper court against the
personal representative within thirty days." Id. (emphasis added). These consolidated
cases involve a creditor's claim filed in a Kittitas County probate that was dismissed
because the holder of the claim filed his post-rejection lawsuit in the Superior Court for
Pierce County. They call on us to decide the meaning of "the proper court" for a post-
rejection suit.
No. 3lB05-2-III; cons. wi No. 3lB09-5-III
Porter v. Boisso
We hold that to the extent Kevin Porter's claims for relief asserted in his Pierce
County action were subject to the nonclaim statute (and some were not), ''the proper
court" in which to assert them was the superior court. His action, which was transferred
to Kittitas County on Mr. Porter's own motion for change of venue, should not have been
dismissed nor should the Kittitas County court have quieted title to the real property that
was at issue in Charles Boisso' s estate. We reverse several orders and the final
judgments entered in both matters and remand for proceedings consistent with this
opInIon.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
On November 13, 2012, Kittitas County granted letters of administration for the
probate of the estate of Charles Boisso. Kevin Porter filed notice of a creditor's claim in
the probate action several weeks later, on December 17. His notice alleged that he had
entered into a contract to purchase two one-half-acre parcels of property owned by the
late Mr. Boisso, located in Pierce County; that the agreed purchase price had been
$120,000; and that he had, since 1999, paid a total of$116,900. He asked that upon his
payment of the balance owed the estate deliver to him a statutory warranty deed.
The estate rejected Mr. Porter's claim on December 31. Its notice of rejection
stated that "[p]ursuant to RCW 11.40.100, you must bring suit in the proper Court against
the Personal Representative within thirty days after the date of the postmark of the
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mailing of this Notice, and that otherwise your claim will be forever barred." Clerk's
Papers (CP) (No. 318095) at 5.
On January 29, 2013, Mr. Porter filed suit in Pierce County. He would later
explain that he did so because his claim involved real property located in Pierce County
and he was concerned with a series of Washington decisions that construed RCW
4.12.010, which governs the county in which many actions involving real property "shall
be commenced," as jurisdictional. The cases "continually affirmed that RCW 4.12.010
governs jurisdiction affecting local actions and that local actions commenced in the
wrong county must be dismissed." Ralph v. State Dep 't ofNatural Resources, 182
Wn.2d 242,267, 343 P.3d 342 (2014) (Wiggins, J., dissenting) (citing cases). After
briefing in this appeal was completed, our Supreme Court decided Ralph, in which a five-
member majority overruled that line of cases, holding that RCW 4.12.01 O( 1) prescribes
only venue, not jurisdiction. Ralph, 182 Wash. 2d at 259.
Mr. Porter's Pierce County complaint disclosed the Kittitas County probate, his
creditor's claim, and the estate's notice of rejection. It described the terms of his alleged
purchase agreement and his alleged substantial performance. Attached to the complaint
was a handwritten letter from the late Mr. Boisso to Mr. Porter dated July 17,2001, that
included references to a mortgage, an interest rate, and a principal balance.! CP (No.
I The text of the handwritten note is included in an appendix to this opinion.
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318095) at 34-35. Mr. Porter's prayer for relief sought a declaratory judgment specifYing
his right and interest in the property and an order compelling specific performance;
alternatively, he sought damages for unjust enrichment.
The estate moved to dismiss the complaint, arguing that venue and jurisdiction
were improper. After hearing argument, the Pierce County court initially stayed
proceedings, later entertaining a motion by Mr. Porter for change of venue to Kittitas
County. It eventually entered an order "Transferring Venue and Jurisdiction" to Kittitas
County on May 3,2013. CP (No. 318095) at 231-33.
Meanwhile, the estate had filed a petition in the Kittitas County probate
proceeding for an order clearing title to the Pierce County properties. It argued that by
filing his complaint in Pierce County, Mr. Porter failed to file suit in "the proper court"
and was forever barred from asserting a claim. As further support for the requested
relief, it argued that Mr. Porter had no contract right to purchase the Pierce County
property but instead had been a tenant paying rent, attaching a 1999 rental agreement
signed by Mr. Porter as support. After hearing from the parties, the court granted the
relief requested by the estate on the basis that Mr. Porter failed to file a complaint in
Kittitas County and, by statute, his claims were barred. It did not address whether the
late Mr. Boisso and Mr. Porter had entered into a real estate purchase and sale agreement.
In May 2013, the estate filed a motion to dismiss Mr. Porter's complaint on
collateral estoppel grounds, arguing that the issues presented had been litigated and
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resolved against Mr. Porter through the quiet title proceeding. The court granted the
estate's motion and dismissed Mr. Porter's complaint with prejudice. It awarded the
estate attorney fees in the probate action and costs in both proceedings, for a total of
$29,942.
Mr. Porter appeals orders and final judgments entered in both proceedings.
ANALYSIS
Washington's nonclaim statute, RCW 11.40.010, provides that "[a] person having
a claim against the decedent may not maintain an action on the claim unless ... the
claimant has presented the claim as set forth in this chapter." Once a claim is filed, the
personal representative shall allow or reject each claim, failing which the statute allows
the claimant to petition the court for a hearing to determine whether the claim should be
allowed or rejected. RCW 11.40.080.
Where, as here, a creditor's claim is rejected by the personal representative, RCW
11.40.1 OO( 1) provides that "the claimant must bring suit against the personal
representative within thirty days after notification of rejection or the claim is forever
barred." It goes on to provide that the personal representative's notification of rejection
must advise the claimant that the claimant must bring suit in the proper
court against the personal representative within thirty days after notification
of rejection or the claim will be forever barred.
Id. (emphasis added).
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Mr. Porter assigns error to the court's judgment quieting title to the Pierce County
properties in the estate, arguing that his claims asserted in the Pierce County action are
not claims against a decedent subject to the nonclaim statute and, alternatively, that his
commencement of the Pierce County action satisfied the requirement that he timely file
suit in "the proper court."2
We first address whether the claims asserted by Mr. Porter in Pierce County were
subject to the nonclaim statute. Finding that at least one of them was, we tum to whether
commencement of his action in Pierce County satisfied a requirement that he timely bring
action in "the proper court."
1. Mr. Porter's principal claims are not "claims against a decedent"
Chapter 11.40 RCW does not define the meaning of "claim against the decedent"
as used in the nonclaim statute. In Estate ofEarls, 164 Wash. App. 447, 448, 262 P.3d 832
(20 11), our court stated that the nonclaim statute "encompasses every species of liability
a personal representative can be called upon to payout ofthe estate's general funds."
Another recent decision of our court held that '" [t]o constitute a claim against the estate
ofa deceased person, an obligation must consist of a debt incurred by or for the decedent
2 Mr. Porter also assigns error on the basis that his filing of the Pierce County
action "tolled" the 30-day limitation period and that the superior court erred in applying
claim and issue preclusion to dismiss his complaint. Given our decision on the other
errors identified, a "tolling" analysis does not apply and reversal of the trial court's
decision dismissing Mr. Porter's complaint is automatic. We do not address those
assignments of error further.
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Porter v. Boisso
during his lifetime.'" Wittv. Young, 168 Wn. App. 211,218,275 P.3d 1218 (2012)
(internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting Olsen v. Roberts, 42 Wash. 2d 862, 865-66,259
P.2d 418 (1953)).
Mr. Porter argues that the claims asserted in his Pierce County action were not
claims against a decedent because he was seeking recognition of his interest in the
property and enforcement of a right to complete the purchase.
With respect to his claims for declaratory relief and specific performance, a
number of Washington cases support Mr. Porter's position. In Baird v. Knutzen, 49
Wash. 2d 308, 310, 301 P.2d 375 (1956), the Bairds had granted a three-year logging
easement to the Knutzens in exchange for an annual rental and an agreement that the
Knutzens would convey 80 acres of the logged timberland to the Bairds at the conclusion
of the three-year term. The Knutzens used the easement for the three years but failed to
pay the full amount of rent and failed to convey the 80 acres. Ms. Knutzen died
thereafter. The Bairds later sued, seeking specific performance of the obligation to
convey the 80 acres. They were met by the defense that they had failed to file a
creditor's claim in the probate proceedings of Ms. Knutzen's estate as required by former
RCW 11.40.010 (REM. REv. STAT. § 1477 (Supp. 1923)). The court affirmed the trial
court's order for specific performance finding that "[a]n action for specific performance
ofa contract is not within the purview of the statute." Baird, 49 Wash. 2d at 310 (citing
Southwick v. Southwick, 34 Wn.2d 464,208 P.2d 1187 (1949)).
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In O'Steen v. Estate of Wineberg, 30 Wash. App. 923, 934, 640 P.2d 28 (1982),
Wineberg had agreed to give O'Steen ten percent of his stock in a petroleum company in
satisfaction ofa debt, but title to the shares was never transferred. When Wineberg's
wife died, all of the shares were inventoried as community property in her estate.
O'Steen filed no creditor's claim. The court held that his subsequent lawsuit was not
barred by the nonclaim statute, because "RCW 11.40.010 applies only where the claim is
a general charge against the assets of the estate. It does not apply where the claim is for
specific property in the estate." Id. at 934 (citing Compton v. Westerman, 150 Wash.
391,273 P. 524 (1928)).
In Compton, the court held the nonclaim statute did not apply to a party's request
for the return of property given as collateral where the secured obligation had been
satisfied, explaining:
It does not seem to us that the statute of nonclaim has any
application to the facts in this case. The respondent is not seeking to
recover anything from the assets of the estate. She is not depleting the
estate in any way. The property which was awarded to her did not belong
to the estate, and no money judgment of any character was sought.
Respondent is simply defending an action brought by the estate to recover
money from her as executrix.
The general rule is that the cestui que trust, for whom the defendant
was in his lifetime a trustee, does not have to make a claim against the
estate as long as the particular property he is claiming can be identified, and
is not in any way commingled with the assets of the estate, the theory being
that he is not depleting the estate, and is not claiming anything which
belongs to the estate. He is merely claiming his own property . Woerner
American Law of Administration, Vol. 3, § 402. Many authorities
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Porter v. Boisso
approving the rule are quoted with approval in Davis v. Shepard, 135
Wash. 124,237 P. 21[(1928),41 A. L. R. 163].
Compton 150 Wash. at 396-97 (emphasis omitted). Several other cases hold that a party
who asserts an interest in property that might otherwise be inventoried as part of the
estate is not asserting a creditor's claim required to be filed under the nonclaim statute.
See Witt, 168 Wash. App. at 218 (party claiming a community property-like interest
resulting from a meretricious relationship was not asserting a claim subject to chapter
11.40 RCW); Olsen, 42 Wash. 2d at 865-66 (tenant in common asserting an ownership
interest in property is not a creditor); Smith v. McLaren, 58 Wn.2d 907,909,365 P.2d
331 (1961) (filing ofa creditor's claim is not a condition precedent to an action by a
former spouse to recover his or her share of community property).
In this case we are dealing with an alleged real estate contract. Washington cases
recognize that a vendee under a real estate contract has a '" valid and subsisting interest
in property.'" Cascade Sec. Bankv. Butler, 88 Wn.2d 777,781-83,567 P.2d631 (1977)
(quoting Griffith v. Whittier, 37 Wash. 2d 351, 353, 223 P.2d 1062 (1950)); Oliver v.
McEachran, 149 Wash. 433, 438, 271 P. 93 (1928) ("Undoubtedly such purchaser does
have a right of possession and a right to acquire title in accordance with the terms of the
contract."). In a 1992 decision, the Washington Supreme Court quoted with approval a
bankruptcy court's observation that '" Washington law considers the purchaser's interest
under the real estate contract as a property interest and the seller's interest under that
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contract as a lien-type security device.'" Tomlinson v. Clarke, 118 Wash. 2d 498, 509, 825
P.2d 706 (1992) (quoting In re McDaniel, 89 B.R. 861, 869 (Bankr. E.D. Wash. 1988)).
For probate purposes, Washington cases recognize that the vendor's interest under such a
contract is personal property rather than real property. In re Fields Estate, 141 Wash.
1
526, 528,252 P. 534 (1927) (holding that because decedent's vendor's interest was
personal property, it did not pass to appellants); In re Eilermann 's Estate, 179 Wash. 15,
19, 35 P .2d 763 (1934) (because vendor's interest in a real estate contract is personal
property, it is taxable in the state of the owner's domicile, not the state wherein the land
lies).
Mr. Porter's claims for specific performance and declaratory judgment asserted his
property interest as vendee under an alleged real estate contract. He was seeking to .
ensure that the estate properly excluded the Pierce County parcels from its inventory,
recognized the personal property character of the vendor's interest held by Mr. Boisso at
the time of his death, and honored Mr. Porter's right to acquire title in accordance with
the terms of his alleged agreement with Mr. Boisso. Mr. Porter was proposing to pay
money, not to collect a debt incurred by Mr. Boisso during his lifetime. Consistent with
the foregoing case law, Mr. Porter's claims for specific performance and declaratory
judgment were not claims against a decedent within the meaning of the nonclaim statute.
As an alternative to his claims for specific performance and declaratory judgment,
however, Mr. Porter's Pierce County complaint asserted a restitution claim:
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Alternatively, the plaintiff is entitled to damages for unjust enrichment
because he has continually resided on the property from 1999 to the present
date and has expended thousands of dollars in maintaining and improving
the property, all of which expenditures and improvements were made with
the full knowledge of Charles Boisso.
CP (318095) at 24. His prayer for relief included the alternative of "a judgment for
damages for unjust enrichment in an amount to be fully proven at trial." Id. at 25. The
unjust enrichment claim is not inconsequential. The estate contends that Mr. Porter's
alleged agreement with Mr. Boisso fails to comply with the statute offrauds. If Mr.
Porter is unable to demonstrate facts entitling him to specific performance despite
noncompliance with the statute of frauds, restitution is his sole remaining claim.
A claim for unjust enrichment is, within the language of our Supreme Court's
decision in Earls, 164 Wash. App. 447, a "species of liability a personal representative can
be called upon to payout of the estate's general funds" and thereby a "claim against the
decedent" within the meaning ofRCW 11.40. We therefore tum to whether Mr. Porter
brought suit on his unjust enrichment claim in "the proper court."
II. The superior court is the proper court
RCW 11.40.1 00(1) does not itself create a requirement that a creditor with a claim
against the estate file its post-rejection lawsuit in "the proper court." Rather, it requires
the personal representative to advise the claimant that it must bring suit in "the proper
court." The estate has collapsed language in the statute into a singular requirement that a
claimant "bring suit against the personal representative within thirty days . .. in the
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proper court . .. or the claim will be forever barred." Br. ofResp't at 1. But the
requirement that the claimant timely file suit and the requirement that the personal
representative warn the claimant are distinct and appear several sentences apart in the
applicable subsection of the nonclaim statute. The subsection reads in its entirety:
If the personal representative rejects a claim, in whole or ilf part, the
claimant must bring suit against the personal representative within thirty
days after notification ofrejection or the claim is forever barred. The
personal representative shall notify the claimant of the rejection and file an
affidavit with the court showing the notification and the date of the
notification. The personal representative shall notify the claimant of the
rejection by personal service or certified mail addressed to the claimant or
the claimant's agent, if applicable, at the address stated in the claim. The
date of service or of the postmark is the date of notification. The
notification must advise the claimant that the claimant must bring suit in
the proper court against the personal representative within thirty days after
notification ofrejection or the claim will be forever barred.
RCW 11.40.l00(1) (emphasis added).
Plainly read, the statute recognizes that a proper court exists and that the claimant
must be warned about it, but it says nothing about which court is proper. Determining
"the proper court" requires us to review other sources of law.
"Subject matter jurisdiction is a tribunal's authority to adjudicate the type of
controversy involved in the action." Shoop v. Kittitas County, 108 Wn. App. 388,393,
30 PJd 529 (2001). "Venue rules serve to limit a plaintiffs choice of forum to ensure
that the locality of a lawsuit has some logical relationship to the litigants or the subject
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matter of the dispute." Id. at 396 (citing JACK H. FRIEDENTHAL, MARY KAYKANE &
ARTHUR R. MILLER, CIVIL PROCEDURE § 2.1 at 9-10 (3d Ed. 1999».
Our state constitution provides, "The superior court shall have original jurisdiction
in all cases at law which involve ... all matters of probate." CONST. art. IV, § 6. It
further provides that "[t]he superior court shall also have original jurisdiction in all cases
and of all proceedings in which jurisdiction shall not have been by law vested exclusively
in some other court." Id. 3 The Washington Supreme Court has interpreted this language
as giving to the superior court'" universal original jurisdiction,'" thereby preventing the
legislature from limiting subject matter jurisdiction as among superior courts located in
different counties. Ralph, 182 Wash. 2d at 252 (quoting Moore v. Perrott, 2 Wash. 1, 4, 25
P. 906 (1891».
In 1999, the legislature adopted the Trust and Estate Dispute Resolution Act
(TEDRA) for the stated purpose of "set[ting] forth generally applicable statutory
provisions for the resolution of disputes and other matters involving trusts and estates in a
single chapter under Title 11 RCW." RCW 11.96A.OI0. TEDRA includes both a
3 The estate has suggested that use of the definite article "the" unambiguously
refers to a single court, implying that it must refer to a superior court in a particular
county. Br. ofResp't at 12-13. But both the constitution and the relevant statutes speak
predominantly, if not exclusively, of "the superior court" as a single court that has a
presence in all counties. While Washington laws also sometimes speak of multiple
"superior courts," then, it is entirely reasonable to construe "the proper court" as referring
to the single, statewide superior court recognized in the state constitution.
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jurisdiction and a venue provision. The jurisdiction provision provides that "[t]he
superior court of every county has original subject matter jurisdiction over the probate of
wills and the administration of estates of incapacitated, missing, and deceased individuals
in all instances." RCW 11.96A.040(1). It also provides
[t]he subject matter jurisdiction of the superior court applies without regard
to venue. A proceeding or action by or before a superior court is not
defective or invalid because of the selected venue if the court has
jurisdiction of the subject matter of the action.
RCW 11.96A.040(4).
TEDRA's venue provision provides that the original venue for proceedings
pertaining to the probate of wills and most other estate administration matters is "in any
county of the state of Washington that the petitioner selects," subject to a party's right to
make a timely request to change venue to a county given priority by statute. RCW
11.96A.050(4). "Once letters testamentary or of administration have been granted in the
state of Washington," however, "all orders, settlements, trials, and other proceedings
under this title must be had or made in the county in which such letters have been granted
unless venue is moved as provided in [RCW 11.96.050(4)]." RCW 11.96A.050(5).
The general provisions regarding venue and jurisdiction in Washington courts
appear in chapter 4.12 RCW. RCW 4.12.030 identifies grounds for changing the venue
of an action, including "[t]hat the county designated in the complaint is not the proper
county." RCW 4.12.030(1). Where a motion for change of venue on the basis that the
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action has been brought in the wrong county is allowed, "the change shall be made to the
county where the action ought to have been commenced." RCW 4.12.060. As our
Supreme Court recently observed in Ralph, "RCW 4.12.030(1) contemplates that actions
will inevitably be filed in the wrong county and RCW 4.12.060 authorizes moving an
improperly filed action 'to the county where the action ought to have been commenced.'"
Ralph, 182 Wash. 2d at 255 (emphasis omitted) (quoting RCW 4.12.060). Absent a request
for a change of venue, an action brought in the wrong county "may nevertheless be tried
therein unless the defendant, pursuant to the provisions of rule 12, requests that the trial
be held in the proper county and files an affidavit of merits." CR 82(b).
At least two Washington cases have held, directly or indirectly, that "the proper
court" in which a person having a claim against a decedent must bring suit is the superior
court. In McWhorter v. Bush, 7 Wash. App. 831, 502 P.2d 1224 (1972), the executor ofan
estate appealed from the allowance of a claim that the executor contended had been
pursued by improperly asserting an action in the existing probate rather than filing a
separate civil action. The facts in Mc Whorter were more compelling than those in the
present case-unlike the venue of an action, which can be wrong but is subject to waiver
or correction, the procedure followed in Mc Whorter was unquestionably wrong under
existing case law requiring the commencement of a separate civil action. 7 Wash. App. at
832 (citing Rutter v. Rutter, 59 Wash. 2d 781, 784, 370 P.2d 862 (1962); Schluneger v.
Seattle First-Nat 'I Bank, 48 Wash. 2d 188, 190,292 P.2d 203 (1956)). Still, this court held
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that the superior court was "the proper court" and whatever mistakes had been made, the
claim had been pursued in the superior court:
[Former] RCW 11.40.60 requires that suits upon rejected claims be
brought "in the proper court" within 30 days of notice of rejection. The
"proper court" in this instance is the superior court; this probate and the
actions on the rejected claims were filed in the superior court .... Probate
proceedings are properly within the jurisdiction of the superior court.
McWhorter, 7 Wash. App. at 832-22 (footnote omitted).
An earlier case, Stell Co. v. Smith, 16 Wash. 2d 388, 398, 133 P.2d 811 (1943),
recognized that filing suit against an estate in the wrong county was inconsequential. The
Supreme Court was presented with an argument that a creditor's action "should have
been brought in superior court for Grant county, the probate forum, instead of being
instituted in superior court for Chelan county." Id. It rejected the argument, in part for
the reason that "if the action was commenced in the wrong county, venue to Grant county
could have been changed upon respondent's motion therefor." Id.
We hold that under the Washington Constitution and statutes, then, "the proper
court" in which a person having a claim against a decedent is to bring suit is the superior
court.
The estate argues that even if "the proper court" under the nonclaim statute is the
superior court, "judicial admissions" estop Mr. Porter from arguing that jurisdiction was
proper in Pierce County. Resp't's Br. at 30. It points specifically to the "Order
Transferring Venue and Jurisdiction to Kittitas County," and its finding that the "action
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[is] of a nature that requires change of venue and jurisdiction to Kittitas County." Br. of
Resp't at 30. It relies on Mukilteo Retirement Apartments v. Mukilteo Investors LP, 176
Wash. App. 244, 256 n.8, 310 P .3d 814 (2013).
Mukilteo Retirement Apartments deals with judicial admissions that are made in a
party's answer, are never deleted by amendment, and are the basis on which a case is
tried. It is clearly inapposite. More importantly, language in the Pierce County court's
order is not inconsistent with the position Mr. Porter was taking at the time. While it is
now clear from the Supreme Court's decision in Ralph that the Pierce County court was
not transferring jurisdiction, the concept of transferring jurisdiction was consistent with
Mr. Porter's belief in 2013 that he was required by RCW 4.12.010(1) to file his post-
rejection lawsuit in Pierce County as the only county with subject matter jurisdiction.
Until abrogated by Ralph, Washington decisions had held that as long as an action
involving title to real property was brought in the county in which the property was
located, the superior court in that proper county could "confer" its jurisdiction over a
properly commenced action upon transferring the action to another court. Ralph, 182
Wash. 2d at 255 (citing cases).
Mr. Porter filed his post-rejection lawsuit in the proper court.
Ill. Conclusion and attorney fees
For the foregoing reasons, the trial court erred in treating Mr. Porter as having
failed to timely bring suit under the nonclaim statute and in quieting title in the Pierce
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County properties in the Boisso estate. It necessarily erred in applying its judgment in
the probate action as collateral estoppel and, on that basis, dismissing the claims of Mr.
Porter that had been transferred to Kittitas County by the Pierce County Superior Court.
The court's finding that the estate was the prevailing party in the probate proceeding for
purposes of awarding attorney fees was an abuse of discretion.
Both parties request an award of attorney fees on appeal under RCW 11.96A.150.
The estate additionally requests an award of fees under RAP 18.9, which authorizes us to
require a party to pay the opposing party's reasonable attorney fees and costs if an appeal
is frivolous. Needless to say, Mr. Porter's appeal was not frivolous.
RCW 11.96A.150 provides that we may, in our discretion
order costs, including reasonable attorneys' fees, to be awarded to any
party: (a) From any party to the proceedings; (b) from the assets of the
estate or trust involved in the proceedings; or ( c) from any nonprobate
asset that is the subject of the proceedings. The court may order the costs,
including reasonable attorneys' fees, to be paid in such amount and in such
manner as the court determines to be equitable. In exercising its discretion
under this section, the court may consider any and all factors that it deems
to be relevant and appropriate, which factors may but need not include
whether the litigation benefits the estate or trust involved.
Having considered the statutory factors, we decline to award attorney fees and
costs on appeal to either party.
We vacate the final judgments in both actions; reverse the trial court's orders
clearing title, dismissing Mr. Porter's complaint with prejudice, and awarding attorney
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fees and costs to the estate; and remand for further proceedings consistent with this
OpinIOn.
dz~,d?
Siddowa~'
WE CONCUR:
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Porter v. Raissa
Appendix
APPENDIX
July 17,01
hi Kevin
I found the copy of the title
finally-huh! I dated 7/26/01
Thanks for the payment last month!
I calculated what the monthly interest
will be on the mortgage for the remaining balance of
$106,950 using
8.25% interest rate. Current rate
with good credit is around 7.25%
People I've talked to say owner
who holds the paper should ask
2-3% above bank rate, to
help cover the risk. I'm asking 8.25%
The yearly interest will be $8819.00
monthly it will be $734.33
so you'll need to pay $734.33 interest
a month plus principal.
I've been taking all money
given to me off the principal/no interest.
I'd really like to see a
little more money monthly around the
20 th-25 th so it's more regular
and closer to the interest plus
20
No. 31805-2-II1 (consolidated with No. 31809-5-III)
Porter v. Boisso
Appendix
principal amount when we
do the paper work. I'll continue
to take total amount off principal
until we sign.
1 360 8 1-509-933-1913
Charles
(BONNIVILLE)
Also the bonneville power co.
will be marking and cutting
dangerous trees on the front near
the lines 6/1 % 1
See yasoon-
CP (No. 318095) at 34-35.
21