State Of Washington v. Jimmie York ( 2019 )

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
STATE OF WASHINGTON, No. 77929-0-1
Respondent, DIVISION ONE
V.
UNPUBLISHED OPINION
JIMMIE EARL YORK, 11,
Appellant. FILED: August 5, 2019
CHUN, J. — Jimmie York pleaded guilty to second degree assault-
domestic violence, felony harassment-domestic violence, and assault in the
fourth degree under an indivisible plea agreement. York later sought to withdraw
his plea. The trial court denied York's motion and sentenced him based on the
crimes. York appeals. We affirm his conviction and remand for the trial court to
strike the DNA fee.
BACKGROUND
On May 22, 2016, the Kent Police Department responded to a "physical
domestic report." The victim, Tam iko Watts, reported that York, a former
boyfriend and the father to her 11-year-old child, had attacked her. Watts
reported that upon returning home from work, York attacked her and began to
punch her in the face. Watts began to yell for help. York then put one hand
around Watts's neck and squeezed while saying he would kill her.
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On May 23, 2016, the State charged York with one count of felony
harassment-domestic violence, one count of second-degree assault-domestic
violence, and one count of resisting arrest.
Another incident occurred on August 30, 2016, in which York assaulted his
attorney, Kenneth Harmell. This led to a charge of third-degree assault in a
separate case.
On March 22, 2017, the State agreed to reduce York's charge of third-
degree assault in the case involving his attorney to fourth-degree assault if he
agreed to plead guilty to amended charges in the domestic violence case. York
assented and the State agreed to drop the resisting arrest charge in the domestic
violence case. That same day, York pleaded guilty in both cases. In the felony
plea agreement, the parties agreed that the two negotiated guilty pleas would
constitute one "indivisible agreement." The scoring form listed York's offender
score as 10, which gave him a sentencing range of 63 to 84 months.
Also on March 22, 2017, the trial court determined that York entered into
the plea agreement knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily. The court accepted
York's guilty plea.
On April 28, 2017, York indicated that he wanted to withdraw his plea.
Shortly thereafter, on May 11,2017, the court held a hearing in which it ordered
the Department of Public Defenders(DPD)to appoint a new attorney to
represent York on his motion to withdraw his plea, as it anticipated that his
former attorney might have to testify as a witness.
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On January 8, 2018, York's new attorney filed a Memorandum in Support
of Motion to Withdraw Guilty Plea in which he made two arguments. First, he
asserted that the parties were mutually mistaken regarding the offender score
calculation because the "agreement neglected the application of the same
criminal conduct doctrine of RCW 9.94A.589(1)(a)."1 York's attorney maintained
that the application of same criminal conduct would count the felony assault and
harassment convictions as one crime for the purpose of his offender score, and
therefore would lower his sentencing range. Second, he argued that York's prior
attorney's failure to mount a defense of diminished capacity constituted
ineffective assistance of counse1.2
The trial court held a hearing on York's motion to withdraw on January 12,
2018. The court found that York knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily pleaded
guilty and that no legal error existed because the parties had agreed to the
offender score. The court also rejected York's ineffective assistance of counsel
claim. The court denied York's motion to withdraw the plea and proceeded to
sentence him to 75 months imprisonment. The court also imposed a $100 DNA
fee as part of the Judgment and Sentence.
I RCW 9.94A.589(1)(a) provides:
(1)(a) Except as provided in (b),(c), or (d) of this subsection, whenever a
person is to be sentenced for two or more current offenses, the sentence range for
each current offense shall be determined by using all other current and prior
convictions as if they were prior convictions for the purpose of the offender score:
PROVIDED, That if the court enters a finding that some or all of the current
offenses encompass the same criminal conduct then those current offenses shall
be counted as one crime. Sentences imposed under this subsection shall be
served concurrently. Consecutive sentences may only be imposed under the
exceptional sentence provisions of RCW 9.94A.535. "Same criminal conduct," as
used in this subsection, means two or more crimes that require the same criminal
intent, are committed at the same time and place, and involve the same victim.
2 York does not make this argument on appeal.
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York appeals.
II.
ANALYSIS
A. Plea Withdrawal
York claims the trial court erred in denying his motion to withdraw his plea.
He asserts that because he was unaware of the sentencing consequences
pertaining to same criminal conduct, his plea was not knowing, intelligent, and
voluntary. The State argues that York waived same criminal conduct when he
agreed to the offender score and resulting sentencing guidelines listed in his plea
agreement. We agree with the State.
Generally, a trial court's decision to deny a motion for plea withdrawal "is
reviewed for abuse of discretion." State v. Nitsch, 100 Wash. App. 512, 521, 997
P.2d 1000 (2000). "A trial court abuses its discretion if its decision is manifestly
unreasonable or based on untenable grounds or untenable reasons." In re
Marriage of Littlefield, 133 Wash. 2d 39, 46-47, 940 P.2d 1362(1997).
The trial court "shall not accept a plea of guilt, without first determining that
it is made voluntarily, competently, and with an understanding of the nature of the
charge and the consequences of the plea." CrR 4.2(d). "Due process requires
that a defendant's guilty plea be knowing, voluntary, and intelligent." In re Pers.
Restraint of Isadore, 151 Wash. 2d 294, 297, 88 P.3d 390 (2004).
A trial court should permit a defendant to withdraw their guilty plea when
required to correct a manifest injustice. CrR 4.2(f). A manifest injustice arises
where the defendant received ineffective assistance of counsel, the defendant or
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a person authorized by the defendant to ratify the plea failed to do so, the plea
was involuntary, or the prosecution breached the plea agreement. State v.
Wakefield, 130 Wash. 2d 464, 472, 925 P.2d 183 (1996).
When a defendant agrees to an offender score in a plea agreement, they
cannot later change the score by arguing same criminal conduct because their
offender score "range can be arrived at only by calculating the score, and thus
[their] explicit statement of the range is inescapably an implicit assertion of [their]
score, and also an implicit assertion that [their] crimes did not constitute the
same criminal conduct." Nitsch, 100 Wn.2d App. at 522.
Here, York entered into a plea agreement in which he agreed to the
calculation of his offender score that counted his assault and harassment
offenses separately. York signed the felony plea agreement, which stated he
agreed that the offender score listed was accurate and complete. Further, during
the plea hearing, both the State and trial judge asked whether York agreed to the
offender score and resulting sentencing range listed in the plea agreement. York
responded "yes" to both inquiries. Because York agreed to his offender score
and sentencing range, he waived the matter of same criminal conduct. In light of
the foregoing, the trial court did not abuse its discretion by refusing to withdraw
his plea for failure to consider same criminal conduct.
B. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
York asserts he received ineffective assistance of counsel because his
attorney failed to advise him on same criminal conduct. York says this led to his
failure to understand the consequences of his guilty plea. The State counters
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that defense counsel's testimony does not support York's assertion, and that
York failed to demonstrate prejudice. We determine that York's ineffective
assistance of counsel claim fails.
We review de novo ineffective assistance of counsel claims. State v.
Estes, 188 Wash. 2d 450, 457, 395 P.3d 1045 (2017).
A defendant may withdraw their guilty plea for manifest injustice if they
received ineffective assistance of counsel. Wakefield, 130 Wash. 2d at 472. A
defendant's plea agreement cannot waive the right to effective assistance of
counsel. In re Pers. Restraint of Schorr, 191 Wash. 2d 315, 321, 422 P.3d 451
(2018).
"In a plea bargaining context, 'effective assistance of counsel' merely
requires that counsel 'actually and substantially [assist their] client in deciding
whether to plead guilty." State v. Osborne, 102 Wash. 2d 87, 99, 684 P.2d 683
(1984)(quoting State v. Cameron, 30 Wash. App. 229, 232, 633 P.2d 901 (1981)).
To prove ineffective assistance of counsel, the appellant must demonstrate both
that the defense counsel provided deficient representation and that such deficient
representation prejudiced them. Estes, 188 Wash. 2d at 457-58.
When considering prejudice to the defendant, we examine whether "there
is a reasonable probability that, except for counsel's unprofessional errors, the
result of the proceeding would have been different." State v. McFarland, 127
Wash. 2d 322, 335, 899 P.2d 1251 (1995). In the context of a plea agreement, the
appellant must show a reasonable probability that but for their counsel's deficient
representation, they would not have pleaded guilty. State v. Garcia, 57 Wash. App.
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927, 933, 791 P.2d 244 (1990). "Generally, this is shown by demonstrating to
the court some legal or factual matter which was not discovered by counsel or
conveyed to the defendant himself [or herself] before entry of the plea of guilty."
Garcia, 57 Wash. App. at 933.
Even assuming York's counsel was deficient, his claim fails because he
cannot demonstrate prejudice. In the plea agreement, York agreed to an
offender score of 9+. Though he argues that his offender score would have been
lower had his attorney raised same criminal conduct, this is not necessarily true.
As the State points out, had York not agreed to an offender score of 9+, it may
have refused to agree to the reduced charges that it offered in the plea
agreement. Furthermore, without the plea agreement, the State may have
sought an exceptional sentence. Thus, raising same criminal conduct would not
have automatically resulted in a lower offender score as York suggests.
Accordingly, he does not show that he would not have pled guilty had his
attorney raised the issue of same criminal conduct. York's ineffective assistance
of counsel claim fails.
C. Failure to Voluntarily Plea: Domestic Violence
York asserts his plea was not knowing, intelligent, and voluntary because
he did not understand and admit to conduct essential to the domestic violence
charges. The State insists the record does not support York's argument, and
that York waived the issue because he did not raise the issue below. Assuming
the issue is not waived, we determine the record demonstrates York knowingly,
intelligently, and voluntarily pleaded guilty to the special findings of domestic
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violence.
Determining the voluntariness of a plea agreement requires consideration
of all of the relevant circumstances surrounding the plea. State v. Williams, 117
Wash. App. 390, 398, 71 P.3d 686 (2003). "When the judge goes on to inquire
orally of the defendant and satisfies himself [or herself] on the record of the
existence of the various criteria of voluntariness, the presumption of
voluntariness is well nigh irrefutable." State v. Perez, 33 Wn. App 258, 262, 654
P.2d 708 (1982).
The record shows York possessed the requisite information regarding
domestic violence to show he understood the charges during the plea process.
The First Amended Information incorporated into York's Statement of Defendant
of Plea of Guilty identified both the statute defining domestic violence, as well as
the charges of domestic violence itself. The trial court asked York whether he
read the "Statements of Defendants on Plea of Guilty," if he went through them
"paragraph by paragraph" with his lawyer, and if his lawyer answered any
questions he had regarding the forms. York answered affirmatively to all three
questions. During the plea colloquy between the prosecutor and York, the
prosecutor asked him if he understood the elements of both felony counts of
"assault in the second degree, domestic violence, and felony harassment,
domestic violence," to which York answered "yes."
The Felony Plea Agreement, as signed by York, also notes the special
findings of domestic violence. York further acknowledged the charge of domestic
violence during his competency evaluation. While York's written factual
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explanation may not state his relationship to the victim, the record clearly
indicates that the victim and York previously had a two-year dating relationship
and share a child in common, meeting the definitional requirement of "family or
household members."3 RCW 10.99.020.
The instances above establish York reviewed and understood the
domestic violence charges and their consequences. As a result, he fails to
demonstrate that he did not knowingly intelligently, and voluntarily understand
the domestic violence charges and their consequences. We reject York's claim.
D. Statement of Additional Grounds for Review
In his Statement of Additional Grounds for Review, York claims the court
and the prosecution violated his right to a speedy trial due to a series of
continuances.4 We conclude that by pleading guilty, York waived his ability to
challenge the loss of his right to a speedy trial.
This court has held previously that a voluntary guilty plea waives the right
to challenge any CrR 3.3 speedy trial right. State v. Wilson, 25 Wash. App. 891,
895, 611 P.2d 1312 (1980); State v. Phelps, 113 Wash. App. 347, 352, 57 P.3d 624
(2002). As part of York's plea agreement, he agreed to give up his right to a
speedy trial.
3"Family or household members" means... persons who have a child in common
regardless of whether they have been married or have lived together at any time,
... adult persons who are presently residing together or who have resided together
in the past, persons sixteen years of age or older who are presently residing
together or who have resided together in the past and who have or have had a
dating relationship.
RCW 10.99.020(3).
4 York also asserts in his Statement of Additional Grounds for Review that his counsel
provided ineffective assistance by failing to address the Sentencing Reform Act in regards to
same criminal conduct, which this opinion addresses above.
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Because York's plea agreement was voluntary, we conclude that he
cannot challenge it based on his right to a speedy trial.
E. Request to Strike DNA Fee
Both parties request remand for the trial court to strike the $100 DNA fee
because the State previously collected York's DNA due to prior convictions. A
legislative amendment effective June 7, 2018, made a $100 DNA collection fee
discretionary where "the state has previously collected the offender's DNA as a
result of a prior conviction." RCW 43.43.7541. Further, the amendment prohibits
courts from imposing discretionary costs on indigent defendants.
RCW 10.01.160. These amendments apply prospectively to York due to his
pending direct appeal at the time of the amendment's enactment. State v.
Ramirez, 191 Wash. 2d 732, 747, 426 P.3d 714 (2018). As a result, we remand for
the trial court to strike the DNA fee from the Judgment and Sentence.
Affirmed. Remanded to strike the DNA collection fee.
WE CONCUR:
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