State Of Washington, Res/cross-app. v. Erika Anne Soerensen, App/cross-res. ( 2016 )

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION ONE
STATE OF WASHINGTON, No. 73010-0-1
i
Respondent, r
v. UNPUBLISHED OPINION
ERIKA ANNE SOERENSEN,
Appellant. FILED: May 2, 2016
Schindler, J. — A jury convicted Erika Anne Soerensen of assault in the second
degree with a deadly weapon in violation of RCW 9A.36.021(1)(c). Soerensen argues
the State did not prove beyond a reasonable doubt (1) she intentionally hit bicycle-rider
Jacob Vanderplas with her car, (2) she intentionally created the fear of bodily harm in
Vanderplas, or (3) her car was used as a deadly weapon. Because substantial
evidence supports the conviction, we affirm but remand to correct a scrivener's error in
the judgment and sentence.
FACTS
Erika Anne Soerensen and Jacob Vanderplas lived in West Seattle. At
approximately 8:00 a.m. on Monday, July 8, 2013, Soerensen was driving her black
Nissan Sentra from her residence in West Seattle to her job in downtown Seattle.
Soerensen was running late and afraid she would be "written up" for being late to work.
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To avoid the heavy traffic on her usual route northbound on Delridge Way Southwest,
she turned onto a side street and headed northbound on 26th Avenue Southwest. 26th
Avenue Southwest is a designated bicycle route with a posted speed limit of 20 m.p.h.
Vanderplas was riding his bicycle on the way to work traveling northbound on
26th Avenue Southwest on the right side of the roadway. Vanderplas noticed a dark-
colored Nissan quickly approaching him from behind. At the intersection of 26th
Avenue Southwest and Southwest Genesee Street, Vanderplas stopped, turned around
to face the Nissan, and pointed to the 20 m.p.h. speed limit sign.
After crossing Southwest Genesee Street, Vanderplas pulled to the side of the
road to allow a southbound car to pass him and then continued northbound. When he
reached the next intersection, Vanderplas looked back and saw the Nissan was "still
navigating how to get past the oncoming vehicle." After the southbound car backed up
to allow Soerensen to pass, Soerensen "took off at a very high, accelerated speed."
As Vanderplas neared the intersection of 26th Avenue Southwest and Southwest
Andover Street, he heard the Nissan approach him from behind with the driver "laying
on the horn." While riding in a straight line on the right side of the roadway, Vanderplas
turned around and yelled, "What the fuck are you doing?" When he stopped at the
intersection of 26th Avenue Southwest and Southwest Andover Street, the driver of the
Nissan pulled up beside him and screamed at him.
Vanderplas could not understand what the driver was saying because the
windows of the car were rolled up. Vanderplas turned right onto Southwest Andover
Street to ride in the designated bicycle lane. Vanderplas said the tires on the Nissan
squealed as the driver made the right turn onto Southwest Andover Street, drove up
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behind him, and began to pass him on the left. Vanderplas said as the Nissan passed
him, the driver suddenly moved "[vjery quickly" into the bicycle lane. Vanderplas said
the front of the Nissan "was entirely in the bike lane . . . blocking the entire bike lane."
Vanderplas estimated he was traveling between 5 and 10 m.p.h. when the Nissan
turned into the bicycle lane. Vanderplas tried to brake but "didn't have enough time."
The Nissan hit the left handlebar of his bicycle, and his left hand "took the brunt of the
force of the strike." The impact knocked Vanderplas "onto the sidewalk." The Nissan
drove away without stopping. Vanderplas memorized the Nissan's license plate
number.
Seattle Police Department Detective Alan Cruise spoke to Soerensen a few days
later. When Detective Cruise told Soerensen he was investigating a collision between a
car and a bicyclist on Southwest Andover Street the previous Monday morning,
Soerensen "almost immediately said, No, I wasn't involved in any accident with a
bicycle." Soerensen told Detective Cruise that "she wasn't there, she was working at
the time." Nonetheless, Soerensen later acknowledged she was "present at the date,
time and location in question." Soerensen told Detective Cruise she had a
disagreement with a bicyclist the morning of July 8 and honked her horn at the bicyclist
because he was "riding in the middle of the road going 5 miles an hour." Soerensen
told Detective Cruise she passed the bicyclist while driving to work. When Detective
Cruise asked her if it was possible that the bicyclist touched her car, Soerensen said,
"[N]o, there was absolutely no contact between her and the cyclist." Approximately two
weeks later, Soerensen sent a written statement to Detective Cruise describing the
incident in greater detail.
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The State charged Soerensen with assault in the second degree with a deadly
weapon in violation of RCW 9A.36.021(1)(c). The information alleged, in pertinent part:
ERIKA ANNE SOERENSEN in King County, Washington, on or about July
8, 2013, did intentionally assault Jacob T. Vanderplas with a deadly
weapon, to-wit: a vehicle.
The State called a number of witnesses during the three-day jury trial including
Vanderplas, Detective Cruise, and a number of eyewitnesses.
Bicyclist Eric Rajski testified that while he was stopped on his bicycle at the
intersection of Southwest Genesee Street and 26th Avenue Southwest, he saw
Vanderplas riding a bicycle northbound on 26th Avenue Southwest with a Nissan "tailing
. . . very closely." Rajski testified he heard "very loud — crazy loud" music coming from
the car and saw "all the windows were rolled up." Rajski remembered the music
"because it is a band that I liked that she was listening to — New Order." Rajski
testified he followed Vanderplas and the Nissan northbound on 26th Avenue Southwest.
After Vanderplas and the Nissan passed a car traveling southbound, the Nissan "took
off at a very high, accelerated speed, racing her engine." Rajski testified the driver of
the Nissan "held her horn down and didn't let off of it, and it wasn't like a beep, beep or
a friendly toot, it was — the horn was on for — nonstop . . . [t]he entire two blocks about
up to . . . Andover." After the Nissan hit Vanderplas, Rajski followed the car and saw
the driver was "a younger woman" with "dark hair that was about shoulder length." After
Rajski memorized the license plate number, he returned to help Vanderplas.
Rebecca Moxley was driving westbound on Southwest Andover Street at the
time of the incident and had "a direct view of what was going on." Moxley testified she
was close to the intersection with 26th Avenue Southwest when she saw the Nissan
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turn in "a quick motion" into the bicycle lane and hit Vanderplas. Moxley said the driver
then "corrected her drive" and drove off. Moxley followed the Nissan and called 911.
Moxley testified she described what happened to the 911 operator and gave the
operator a description of the driver of the Nissan and the license plate number.
Brent Spencer was driving on Southwest Andover Street toward the intersection
with 26th Avenue Southwest when he saw Vanderplas turn right onto Southwest
Andover Street. Spencer saw the Nissan turn the corner "a second later" and watched
in his driver's side mirror as the driver of the Nissan hit Vanderplas.
Q. ... At that point were you still able to see the car and the cycle?
A. I was. Because I noticed them, something out of the ordinary,
something — there was something unusual about it, I was, as I
passed them, I continued to just watch him through my leftwindow
mirror.
Q. ... So after they turned, through your rear side mirror, did you see
anything else?
A. Yes, as I was just watching them, first I saw the car turn into the
right lane, or turn into — onto Andover Street, and then after that,
the car turned into the biker and hit the biker, and then drove off.
Q. Okay.
Could you describe — you are saying turned into the bike
lane?
Can you describe how that turn — how that turn took place?
A. Sure.
So the car just turned onto Andover Street from 26th Ave. as
any car would, and then once they were on Andover Street, they,
as they passed by the biker, or the cyclist, they hit him and knocked
him over.
Q. Okay.
A. It was definite — it was a definite two motions, basically.
Q. When you say two motions, what were the two motions that you
saw?
A. It was not fluid. There was — it was one turn onto the Andover
Street and then a separate turn to hit the biker.
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Detective Cruise testified he used the license plate number to identify Soerensen
as the owner of the black 2002 Nissan sedan. Detective Cruise described the interview
with Soerensen. Detective Cruise testified the 2002 Nissan sedan weighed a little over
2,500 pounds.
Soerensen testified she saw Vanderplas riding behind her and waved for him to
pass her because she "didn't want... to get stuck in the roundabout together."
Soerensen testified there was no possibility she was going faster than 20 m.p.h.
Soerensen said she was confused when Vanderplas pointed to the speed limit sign
because she "didn't understand why he was pointing at the speed limit sign when I was
going the speed limit." Soerensen denied listening to loud music and said she listens to
National Public Radio in the morning.
According to Soerensen, after she and Vanderplas passed Southwest Genesee
Street, Vanderplas was riding slowly and weaving back and forth across the street.
Soerensen testified she honked the horn of her car because she thought he might be
drunk. Soerensen testified that while they waited at the Southwest Andover Street
intersection, they "got into a verbal exchange with each other." Soerensen testified she
"saw a mouth and screaming I could tell he said, What the fuck are you doing?"
Soerensen testified she responded by saying, "What are you doing? You are in front of
me veering back side-to-side. What is your problem? Are you on drugs?" Soerensen
testified she told Vanderplas to "[hjave a nice day" before driving off. In response to
whether she tried to scare Vanderplas with her car, Soerensen testified, "No. I just
wanted to get away from him. Idon't know if when we turned Iwas too close? Idon't
know what happened, but Ijust wanted to get away from the situation and then go to
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work." Soerensen testified she would "never, ever, ever, ever want to physically hit
somebody."
The jury found Soerensen guilty as charged of second degree assault.1
ANALYSIS
Soerensen contends the State did not prove beyond a reasonable doubt she
committed assault in the second degree with a deadly weapon.2
The State has the burden of proving the elements of a crime beyond a
reasonable doubt. In re Winship, 397 U.S. 358, 364, 90 S. Ct. 1068, 25 L. Ed. 2d 368
(1970); State v. Borrero, 147 Wash. 2d 353, 364, 58 P.3d 245 (2002). Sufficient evidence
supports a conviction if, when viewed in the light most favorable to the State, any
rational trier of fact could find the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable
doubt. State v. Salinas, 119Wn.2d 192, 201, 829 P.2d 1068(1992).
"A claim of insufficiency admits the truth of the State's evidence and all
inferences that reasonably can be drawn therefrom." Salinas, 119 Wash. 2d at 201. We
defer to the trier of fact on "issues of conflicting testimony, credibility of witnesses, and
the persuasiveness of the evidence." State v. Thomas, 150 Wash. 2d 821, 874-75, 83
P.3d 970 (2004).
Soerensen contends the State did not prove beyond a reasonable doubt she (1)
intentionally struck Vanderplas with her car or (2) intended to injure or create a fear of
bodily harm in Vanderplas.
Under RCW 9A.36.021(1)(c), a person is guilty of assault in the second degree
with a deadly weapon if "he orshe . . . [ajssaults another with a deadly weapon." The
1The court imposed an exceptional sentence downward of240 hours ofcommunity service.
2The State filed a cross appeal. However, the State abandoned its challenge in its brief to this
court.
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criminal code does not define "assault." State v. Elmi, 166 Wash. 2d 209, 215, 207 P.3d
439 (2009).
Three definitions of assault are recognized in Washington: (1) an unlawful
touching (actual battery); (2) an attempt with unlawful force to inflict bodily
injury upon another, tending but failing to accomplish it (attempted
battery); and (3) putting another in apprehension of harm.
Elmi, 166Wn.2dat215.
The court instructed the jury on the definition of "assault" as follows:
An assault is an intentional touching or striking of another person
that is harmful or offensive regardless of whether any physical injury is
done to the person. A touching or striking is offensive if the touching or
striking would offend an ordinary person who is not unduly sensitive.
An assault is also an act done with intent to inflict bodily injury upon
another, tending but failing to accomplish it and accompanied with the
apparent present ability to inflict the bodily injury if not prevented.
An assault is also an act done with the intent to create in another
apprehension and fear of bodily injury, and which in fact creates in another
a reasonable apprehension and imminent fear of bodily injury even though
the actor did not actually intend to inflict bodily iniury.[3]
The State argued Soerensen committed a battery or intended to place
Vanderplas in fear of injury. To prove assault by actual battery, "the State need show
only the intention to touch or strike, not the intent to injure." State v. Baker, 136 Wn.
App. 878, 883-84, 151 P.3d 237 (2007) (citing State v. Hall, 104 Wash. App. 56, 62, 14
P.3d 884 (2000)).
Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the State, a rational jury could
find Soerensen intentionally struck Vanderplas with her car. Soerensen was late for
work and in a hurry. To avoid traffic on Delridge Way Southwest, she took a detour
onto an unfamiliar and narrow side street with a speed limit of 20 m.p.h. Soerensen
became angry when Vanderplas pointed at the speed limit sign in front of her. After the
3 Emphasis added.
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No. 73010-0-1/9
oncoming car backed up to let her pass, Soerensen "floored it" to catch up to
Vanderplas while continually holding down the horn of her car. Soerensen and
Vanderplas yelled at one another at the intersection before Vanderplas turned on
Southwest Andover Street. Soerensen followed Vanderplas with her tires squealing.
After she nearly passed him, Soerensen turned her car sharply into the bicycle lane.
Moxley and Spencer testified Soerensen deliberately turned into the bicycle lane.
Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the State, a reasonable jury could
find Soerensen committed a battery and intentionally struck Vanderplas with her car.
Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the State, a rational jury could
also conclude Soerensen had the intent to create a fear of bodily harm in Vanderplas.
After passing the southbound car, Soerensen "floored it" to catch up to Vanderplas and
continually honked her horn behind him. While Soerensen denied continually honking
the horn of her car, we defer to the jury in weighing conflicting evidence. Thomas, 150
Wash. 2d at 874-75.
As Soerensen quickly turned onto Southwest Andover Street, Vanderplas heard
the tires of her car squeal. As Soerensen began to pass Vanderplas, she deliberately
turned her 2,500-pound vehicle into the bicycle lane, forcing Vanderplas to brake
suddenly.
Soerensen also contends the State did not prove beyond a reasonable doubt she
used her Nissan as a "deadly weapon."
RCW 9A.04.110(6) defines "deadly weapon" as follows:
[A]ny explosive or loaded or unloaded firearm, and shall include any other
weapon, device, instrument, article, or substance, including a "vehicle" as
defined in this section, which, under the circumstances in which it is used,
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attempted to be used, or threatened to be used, is readily capable of
causing death or substantial bodily harm.w
RCW 9A.04.110(4)(b) defines "substantial bodily harm" as follows:
[Bjodily injury which involves a temporary but substantial disfigurement, or
which causes a temporary but substantial loss or impairment of the
function of any bodily part or organ, or which causes a fracture of any
bodily part.
Whether a weapon is deadly under the circumstances in which it is used is a
question of fact decided by the jury. State v. Carlson, 65 Wash. App. 153, 159-60, 828
P.2d 30 (1992) (citing State v. Sorenson, 6 Wash. App. 269, 273, 492 P.2d 233 (1972)).
"Circumstances" include " 'the intent and present ability of the user, the degree of force,
the part of the body to which it was applied and the physical injuries inflicted.'" State v.
Schilling, 77 Wash. App. 166, 171, 889 P.2d 948 (1995) (quoting Sorenson, 6 Wash. App. at
273).
Soerensen does not dispute a vehicle is readily capable of causing substantial
bodily injury in some circumstances. Soerensen contends the circumstances of this
case establish she did not use her vehicle as a deadly weapon.
We disagree. Witness Rajski testified Soerensen was "tailing" Vanderplas with
her car, "racing her engine," and continuously honking the horn. Vanderplas and
witnesses Moxley and Spencer testified Soerensen suddenly turned into the bicycle
lane and the Nissan deliberately hit Vanderplas and knocked him onto the sidewalk.
Viewing the evidence in the light mostfavorable to the State, Soerensen used her
vehicle as a "deadly weapon."
4 Emphasis added.
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No. 73010-0-1/11
The State concedes the judgment and sentence incorrectly states Soerensen
was convicted of assault under both RCW 9A.36.021(1)(a) and (c). We accept the
State's concession and remand to the trial court to correct the scrivener's error.
We affirm Soerensen's conviction of assault in the second degree with a deadly
weapon but remand to correct a scrivener's error in the judgment and sentence.
VjLmx^.^ ,
WE CONCUR:
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