In Re: J.W. ( 2017 )

STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA
SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
In re: J.W. FILED
May 22, 2017
No. 16-0540 (Fayette County 15-JD-25) RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK
SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
OF WEST VIRGINIA
MEMORANDUM DECISION
Petitioner J.W., by counsel John M. Thompson Jr., appeals the Circuit Court of Fayette
County’s May 11, 2016, dispositional order placing him in the custody of the Division of
Juvenile Services for placement in a facility until the age of twenty-one following his
adjudication of one count of breaking and entering, one count of petit larceny, and two counts of
conspiracy to commit breaking and entering.1 The State, by counsel Shannon Frederick Kiser,
filed a response. On appeal, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in imposing disposition
because its decision was arbitrary and capricious and it did not consider less-restrictive
dispositional alternatives.
This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, this Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these
reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
In November of 2015, the State filed a juvenile petition against petitioner that charged
him with eight separate counts of criminal conduct, including counts of breaking and entering,
petit larceny, destruction of property, and conspiracy. The charges stemmed from petitioner and
three accomplices breaking into and burglarizing a church and later planning to break into a
second church. In December of 2015, petitioner waived his right to a preliminary hearing. As
such, the circuit court set the matter for trial and placed petitioner in the custody of the Division
of Juvenile Services for placement at the Gene Spadaro Juvenile Center.
In March of 2016, the circuit court held a jury trial. At the conclusion of the trial, the jury
found petitioner guilty of one count of breaking and entering, one count of petit larceny, and two
counts of conspiracy to commit breaking and entering. As such, the circuit court adjudicated
petitioner to be delinquent as to those offenses. Pending disposition, the circuit court ordered that
1
Consistent with our long-standing practice in cases with sensitive facts, we use initials
where necessary to protect the identities of those involved in this case. See In re K.H., 235 W.Va.
254, 773 S.E.2d 20 (2015); Melinda H. v. William R. II, 230 W.Va. 731, 742 S.E.2d 419 (2013);
State v. Brandon B., 218 W.Va. 324, 624 S.E.2d 761 (2005); State v. Edward Charles L., 183
W.Va. 641, 398 S.E.2d 123 (1990).
1
custody of petitioner continue at his current juvenile facility and directed the probation
department to prepare a dispositional report regarding petitioner’s future placement.
In May of 2016, the circuit court held a dispositional hearing, during which petitioner
requested that he be released into the custody of the Summit Academy, a private residential
school in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Petitioner also requested that a psychological
evaluation be performed to aid in the circuit court’s placement decision. According to petitioner,
his probation officer also recommended placement at the Summit Academy, and the
multidisciplinary team (“MDT”), which met prior to sentencing, recommended placement in a
structured program that would prepare him for possible release on probation. The circuit court
also heard evidence that petitioner’s parents, with whom he did not reside prior to incarceration,
were willing to accept custody. The circuit court denied petitioner’s request and instead placed
him in the custody of the Division of Juvenile Services for placement in a juvenile facility until
the age of twenty-one. In making its determination, the circuit court considered the seriousness
of petitioner’s crimes, his denial of responsibility, the lack of familial support, and his high risk
of recidivism as established by his Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory
(“YLSCMI”) score. According to the circuit court, this placement would better serve petitioner’s
interests because he would receive assistance in learning a skill or trade and completing his
education. In August of 2016, petitioner filed a motion to modify disposition, which the circuit
court denied by order entered that same month. It is from the dispositional order that petitioner
appeals.
We have previously established the following standard of review:
“In reviewing the findings of fact and conclusions of law of a circuit court . . . ,
we apply a three-pronged standard of review. We review the decision . . . under
an abuse of discretion standard; the underlying facts are reviewed under a clearly
erroneous standard; and questions of law and interpretations of statutes and rules
are subject to a de novo review.” Syllabus Point 1, State v. Head, 198 W.Va. 298,
480 S.E.2d 507 (1996).
Syl. Pt. 1, in part, State v. Georgius, 225 W.Va. 716, 696 S.E.2d 18 (2010). Upon our review, we
find no error in the circuit court’s rulings below.
Upon our review, the Court finds no error in the disposition imposed, as it was neither
arbitrary nor capricious and constituted the least-restrictive dispositional alternative. Petitioner
provides no argument on appeal that persuades us to conclude that this decision was arbitrary
and capricious and was more restrictive than necessary, other than the fact that he disagrees with
the ultimate outcome. According to petitioner, both his mother and father informed the MDT that
they would accept placement of the child. He further argues that he could have been placed in a
DHHR facility, but that most facilities require a psychological evaluation, which the circuit court
denied in this matter. Lastly, he argues that placement at the Summit Academy would have been
proper. However, petitioner’s argument on appeal ignores the many reasons the circuit court
articulated as to why none of these placements were appropriate.
2
First, the circuit court specifically found that petitioner’s parents divorced when he was
five years old and that he did not reside with them full-time prior to his incarceration. Based
upon the parents’ lack of proper supervision for the child, the circuit court specifically found that
they were “unable to take custody of him” at disposition. The circuit court further addressed
petitioner’s living arrangement prior to his incarceration, noting that petitioner lived with his
maternal grandfather as well as his uncle, “who the [circuit c]ourt believe[d] was involved in” at
least one of the crimes in question. While in this home, petitioner was suspended from school on
two occasions. Based upon this evidence, the circuit court specifically found that “to allow
[petitioner] to return home would not be in [his] best interest . . . .” As to the remaining
placement options petitioner suggests, namely placement in a DHHR facility or the Summit
Academy, the circuit court specifically found that these were inappropriate because petitioner “is
in need of a structured environment, an education and/or a trade.” The circuit court also found
that placement in a juvenile facility was necessary because petitioner’s YLSCMI score indicated
a high risk to reoffend.
West Virginia Code § 49-4-714(b) provides that “[t]he court shall make all reasonable
efforts to place the juvenile in the least restrictive alternative appropriate to the needs of the
juvenile and the community . . . .” In interpreting this statute, we have held as follows:
“In considering the least restrictive dispositional alternative for sentencing
a juvenile, a juvenile court must consider the reasonable prospects for
rehabilitation of the child as they appear at the time of the dispositional hearing,
with due weight given to any improvement in the child’s behavior between the
time the offense was committed and the time sentence is passed.” Syllabus Point
6, State ex rel. D.D.H. v. Dostert, 165 W.Va. 448, 269 S.E.2d 401 (1980).
Syl. Pt. 6, State v. Kirk N., 214 W.Va. 730, 591 S.E.2d 288 (2003). Based upon these authorities,
it is clear that the circuit court did not err in placing petitioner in a juvenile facility, as opposed to
a less-restrictive placement with a relative, in a DHHR facility, or at the Summit Academy.
Moreover, we find that placement at the Summit Academy in Pennsylvania would have
been inappropriate, given our prior holdings regarding out-of-state facilities. We have previously
held that
“[w]hile a circuit court should give preference to in-state facilities for the
placement of juveniles, if it determines that no in-state facility can provide the
services and/or security necessary to deal with the juvenile’s specific problems,
then it may place the child in an out-of-state facility. In making an out-of-state
placement, the circuit court shall make findings of fact with regard to the
necessity for such placement.” Syllabus Point 6, State v. Frazier, 198 W.Va. 678,
482 S.E.2d 663 (1996).
Syl. Pt. 4, E.H. v. Matin, 201 W.Va. 463, 498 S.E.2d 35 (1997). Here, the circuit court clearly
found that in-state facilities were equipped to deal with petitioner’s specific problems, thereby
obviating the need for out-of-state placement. For these reasons, we find that the circuit court’s
3
decision was neither arbitrary nor capricious, and constituted the least-restrictive dispositional
alternative, given petitioner’s specific circumstances. Accordingly, we find no error.
For the foregoing reasons, the circuit court’s May 11, 2016, dispositional order is hereby
affirmed.
Affirmed.
ISSUED: May 22, 2017
CONCURRED IN BY:
Chief Justice Allen H. Loughry II
Justice Robin Jean Davis
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Elizabeth D. Walker
4