Laurita v. Estate of Moran , 216 W. Va. 400 ( 2004 )

PER CURIAM:

This matter arises from a Marion County Circuit Court’s final order adopting a Partition Commissioners’ Recommendation as to how to divide approximately sixty-eight acres of land in Marion County. We affirm the circuit court’s order.

I.

Prior to his death, Kenneth Fay Moran owned an undivided one-half interest in sixty-eight acres of land in Marion County. The appellees, James L. Laurita, Jr., Thomas A. Laurita, and Toni D. Dering (“the Lauritas”), owned the other undivided one-half interest.

Mr. Moran died intestate, and the appellants, the Estate of Kenneth Fay Moran, Sheila Rose Lightfoot, Personal Representative of the Estate of Kenneth Fay Moran, Sheila Rose Lightfoot, Tina Marie Fischer, Robert Dean Moran and Paul Allen Moran, Defendants Below (“the Morans”), became the new owners of Kenneth Fay Moran’s undivided one-half interest in the property.

In June of 2001, the appellees filed a complaint in Marion County Circuit Court seeking to sell the property. In their complaint, the Lauritas argued that the contested property could not be partitioned in kind and sought to have the property sold pursuant to W. Va. Code, 37-4-3 [1957]. In their answer, the Morans denied that the property could not be partitioned in kind and asked that the complaint be dismissed or, in the alternative, that the circuit court appoint commissioners to appraise the fair market value of the property.

In August of 2001, the circuit court entered an order appointing three commissioners (“the commissioners”). The circuit court ordered the commissioners to determine first whether the property could be partitioned in kind. If the property could not be partitioned in kind, then the commissioners were to report to the circuit court the fair market value of the property.

On May 6, 2002, the commissioners held an evidentiary hearing. At the hearing, both parties presented evidence, including expert witness testimony. The parties stipulated to several facts, including the value of the surface per acre and the value of the marketable timber on the property.

Following the hearing, the parties submitted to the commissioners proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law. In November of 2002, the commissioners issued their recommendation to the circuit court. In their recommendation, the commissioners made several findings of fact and conclusions of law.

The commissioners found that the quantity and quality of the coal underlying the property was fairly uniform and that there were approximately 523,000 tons of coal underlying the property. More importantly, the commissioners found that both parties were equally prejudiced in their ownership of the property by a lack of any conditions on the property, or rights or easements associated with the ownership of the property, that would allow access to the coal under the surface of the property.

The commissioners found that there were four possible ways to partition the land: (1) a north-south division, with the Morans receiving the southern portion, (2) a north-south division, with the Lauritas receiving the southern portion, (3) an east-west division, with the Morans receiving the eastern portion; and (4) an east-west division, with the Lauritas receiving the eastern portion.

The commissioners found that the Lauritas owned and held title to the surface and coal estate of fifty-six acres of property located along the southern boundary of the property, and that the Lauritas were in the process of mining the coal on their adjacent property.

The commissioners chose option (2), recommending that the property be partitioned in kind, with a division line running east to west across the midpoint of the property, with the Morans receiving the northern parcel of the property and the Lauritas receiving the southern parcel. The commissioners reasoned that the north-south division was fair and equitable because both parties would receive equal amounts of underground coal, and that the Lauritas should receive the southern portion of the property because this section was adjacent to the fifty-six acres of property independently owned by the Lauri-tas.

The commissioners also reasoned that any of the four possible partitions would place the Morans at an equal disadvantage, because, unlike the Lauritas, the Morans did not own any property that would give them access to coal under the property.

At a hearing in March of 2003, the circuit court allowed both parties to argue their objections to the commissioners’ recommendations.

In June of 2003, the circuit court entered an order adopting the commissioners’ recommendations. In adopting the recommendation, the circuit court found that the commissioners’ findings were based upon the evidence and that the conclusions reached by the commissioners were both logical and appropriate.

The appellants appeal from the circuit court’s order.

II.

In Syllabus Point 4, Henrie v. Johnson, 28 W.Va. 190 (1886), this Court established the test for evaluating a commissioners’ report in a partition suit:

The report of commissioners in such suit is not final and may be set aside by the court. But when the court is asked to quash or set aside the report, on the ground that the commissioners erred in making their allotments, whereby an unequal partition has been made, it will not do so except in extreme eases — cases in which the partition is based on wrong principles, or it is shown by a very clear and decided preponderance of evidence, that the commissioners have made a grossly unequal allotment.

In their appeal, the Morans do not challenge the partition of the land in kind. They do argue that the commissioners’ recommendation was flawed as a matter of law because the appellees were not entitled to a “preferential treatment” in being awarded the portion adjacent to their independently owned fifty-six acres of land. The Morans argue that the right of a co-tenant to have the partition allotment from the contested property that is adjacent to the contestants independently owned land is not mandatory, and the commissioners erred as a matter of law in awarding the Lauritas the southern parcel of land. The Morans argue that the property should be divided into an eastern parcel and a western parcel.

The question before us is whether the Morans proved by a clear preponderance of the evidence that the recommended partition resulted in a grossly unequal division.

The applicable case law provides an initial presumption that a co-tenant is entitled to a partition portion adjacent to his or her independently-owned property. “An arbitrary allotment cannot be exacted by the cotenant. However, he is entitled to have his share allotted to him next to adjoining Lind which he may own, if this can be done without injury to the interests of his co-tenants.” Syllabus Point 3, Garlow v. Murphy, 111 W.Va. 611, 163 S.E. 436 (1932). Such a presumption may be overcome by showing that the such a division would prejudice the interests of the other co-tenants. Id.

However, because neither party has access to the underlying coal on the property arising from the party’s one-half undivided interest in the property, any partition will prejudice the Morans. Simply put, the recommended partition does not cause the appellants any additional injury or prejudice. Admittedly, this partition does confer a benefit on the Lauritas, who have access to the coal from their adjacent property. That benefit arises, however, not from a fair valuation of the Lauritas’ interest in the subject property, but from their interest in their independently-owned adjacent property. And there is no requirement that this benefit, not deriving from the Lauritas’ ownership in the subject property, be shared with the appellants in a partition suit.

Moreover, the east-west division proposed by the appellants would essentially force the Lauritas to partner with the appellants in the development of the coal estate, via Ihe Lauritas’ adjacent property. A primary purpose of partition is to divide properties when people cannot agree on the property’s management, not to coerce people into joint management of the property. The commissioners did not err in rejecting a “partnership” partition. The option chosen by the commissioners did not result in a grossly unequal allotment to warrant setting aside the commissioners’ partition recommendation.

III.

Therefore, we find that the circuit court did not err in adopting the partition commissioners’ recommendation.

Affirmed.

Justice McGRAW dissents. Justice ALBRIGHT dissents and reserves the right to file a dissenting opinion.