In re C.G. and K.G. ( 2022 )

FILED
September 20, 2022
EDYTHE NASH GAISER, CLERK
STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
OF WEST VIRGINIA
SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
In re C.G. and K.G.
No. 22-0270 (Wood County 21-JA-253 and 21-JA-254)
MEMORANDUM DECISION
Petitioner Father K.C., by counsel Travis Sayre, appeals the Circuit Court of Wood
County’s March 24, 2022, order terminating his parental rights to C.G. and K.G. 1 The West
Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources (“DHHR”), by counsel Patrick Morrisey
and Lee Niezgoda, filed a response in support of the circuit court’s order. The guardian ad litem,
Erica Brannon Gunn, filed a response on behalf of the children in support of the circuit court’s
order.
This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these reasons,
a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21 of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure.
Prior to the current proceedings, petitioner was involved in an abuse and neglect
proceeding involving the same children in Roane County. In that proceeding, the children’s
mother’s parental rights were terminated upon her failure to remedy the conditions of abuse and
neglect, namely her substance abuse while pregnant with the infants. Petitioner successfully
completed an improvement period, which included a requirement that he protect the children from
the mother because of the termination of her rights and her continued substance abuse. On
November 15, 2021, the Circuit Court of Roane County granted petitioner custody of his children
and dismissed the proceedings.
On the same day the children were returned to his care, the DHHR removed the children
from petitioner’s custody because he immediately allowed the mother to have contact with the
1
Consistent with our long-standing practice in cases with sensitive facts, we use initials
where necessary to protect the identities of those involved in this case. See In re K.H., 235 W. Va.
254, 773 S.E.2d 20 (2015); Melinda H. v. William R. II, 230 W. Va. 731, 742 S.E.2d 419 (2013);
State v. Brandon B., 218 W. Va. 324, 624 S.E.2d 761 (2005); State v. Edward Charles L., 183 W.
Va. 641, 398 S.E.2d 123 (1990).
1
children. According to the court, petitioner admitted “that not more than five minutes after the
children were returned to his physical custody he violated the orders of the [c]ourt regarding
contact” with the mother. The DHHR found the mother in petitioner’s home and, three days later,
she overdosed on a controlled substance there. As a result, the DHHR filed a new abuse and neglect
petition against petitioner based on his failure to protect the children.
In February of 2022, the court heard petitioner’s motion for a preadjudicatory improvement
period, which it denied. The court also adjudicated petitioner of neglecting the children. Then, as
agreed to by the parties, the court proceeded to an accelerated disposition. Based on the fact that
petitioner immediately violated the conditions of the children’s return, thereby endangering them
by exposing them to a parent whose rights were terminated and who continued to abuse drugs, the
court found that there was no reasonable likelihood that petitioner could substantially correct the
conditions of abuse and neglect in the near future and that termination of his parental rights was
necessary for their welfare, especially given that the children had been in foster care for almost the
entirety of their lives. As such, the court terminated petitioner’s parental rights to the children. 2 It
is from the dispositional order that petitioner appeals.
The Court has previously established the following standard of review:
“Although conclusions of law reached by a circuit court are subject to de
novo review, when an action, such as an abuse and neglect case, is tried upon the
facts without a jury, the circuit court shall make a determination based upon the
evidence and shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether such
child is abused or neglected. These findings shall not be set aside by a reviewing
court unless clearly erroneous. A finding is clearly erroneous when, although there
is evidence to support the finding, the reviewing court on the entire evidence is left
with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed. However,
a reviewing court may not overturn a finding simply because it would have decided
the case differently, and it must affirm a finding if the circuit court’s account of the
evidence is plausible in light of the record viewed in its entirety.” Syl. Pt. 1, In
Interest of Tiffany Marie S., 196 W.Va. 223, 470 S.E.2d 177 (1996).
Syl. Pt. 1, In re Cecil T., 228 W. Va. 89, 717 S.E.2d 873 (2011).
On appeal, petitioner first argues that the court erred in denying his motion for a
preadjudicatory improvement period. Petitioner attempts to downplay his blatant violation of the
prohibition against contact with the mother by arguing that the children were not mentally or
physically harmed during their exposure to the mother. This argument, however, has no bearing
on whether an improvement period was appropriate. Given that petitioner willfully chose to violate
the prohibition on contact with the mother roughly five minutes after they were returned to his
custody, it is clear that the court was correct in finding that there were no services that could correct
this issue. Accordingly, we find no error in the circuit court’s denial of petitioner’s motion for an
improvement period, as it is clear that he was unable to abide by simple, clear orders designed to
2
The permanency plan for the children is adoption in the current placement.
2
ensure the children’s safety. See In re Tonjia M., 212 W. Va. 443, 448, 573 S.E.2d 354, 359 (2002)
(granting circuit courts discretion to deny an improvement period when no improvement is likely).
Next, petitioner argues that it was error to adjudicate him because he only permitted the
children to see the mother one time. This argument is not compelling; the fact that the DHHR was
able to quickly identify petitioner’s endangerment of the children should not serve to benefit
petitioner. It is uncontroverted that petitioner willfully violated the order prohibiting contact with
the mother, an individual whose rights were terminated and who continued to abuse drugs,
including in petitioner’s home three days after the children’s removal. It is also uncontroverted
that petitioner was repeatedly instructed not to allow such contact, although he argues on appeal
that “he did not grasp the full depth of the seriousness of this court order.” In short, petitioner’s
conduct threatened the children’s physical and mental health because of his failure to properly
supervise them. See W. Va. Code § 49-1-201 (defining “neglected child,” in part, as one “[w]hose
physical or mental health is . . . threatened by a present refusal, failure or inability of the child’s
parent . . . to supply the child with necessary . . . supervision”). Accordingly, we find no error in
petitioner’s adjudication. 3
Finally, petitioner raises two assignments of error in which he asserts that it was error for
the circuit court to deny him a post-adjudicatory improvement period. However, it is unnecessary
to address these specific arguments because petitioner has failed to cite to any portion of the record
demonstrating that he filed a written motion for a post-adjudicatory improvement period. 4
Although petitioner filed a motion for a preadjudicatory improvement period, which was denied,
we have recently explained that “[a] circuit court may not grant a post-adjudicatory improvement
period under W. Va. Code § 49-4-610(2) (eff. 2015) unless the respondent to the abuse and neglect
petition files a written motion requesting the improvement period.” Syl. Pt. 5, State ex rel. P.G.-1
v. Wilson, -- W. Va. --, -- S.E.2d --, 2021 WL 5355634 (2021). Because petitioner fails to cite to
any portion of the record to establish that he filed a motion for a post-adjudicatory improvement
period, he cannot be entitled to relief. Further, we note that petitioner raises no assignment of error
in regard to the termination of his parental rights.
For the foregoing reasons, we find no error in the decision of the circuit court, and its March
24, 2022, order is hereby affirmed.
3
Petitioner urges this Court to apply to the facts of this case its reasoning from In re Lilith
H., 231 W. Va. 170, 744 S.E.2d 280 (2013), in which we found that a single instance of a child
witnessing domestic violence between the father and a member of the extended family did not
constitute abuse and/or neglect. We decline to do so because the facts of petitioner’s appeal differ
in important ways from that case, including the fact that, although petitioner was explicitly
instructed to protect the children from the mother, he exposed them to her at the first opportunity
after their return to his care.
4
“This Court may, on appeal, affirm the judgment of the lower court when it appears that
such judgment is correct on any legal ground disclosed by the record, regardless of the ground,
reason or theory assigned by the lower court as the basis for its judgment.” Syl. Pt. 3, Barnett v.
Wolfolk, 149 W.Va. 246, 140 S.E.2d 466 (1965).
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Affirmed.
ISSUED: September 20, 2022
CONCURRED IN BY:
Chief Justice John A. Hutchison
Justice Elizabeth D. Walker
Justice Tim Armstead
Justice William R. Wooton
Justice C. Haley Bunn
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