State of West Virginia v. Herman D. Cotlett ( 2023 )

FILED
June 13, 2023
STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA EDYTHE NASH GAISER, CLERK
SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS OF WEST VIRGINIA
State of West Virginia,
Plaintiff Below, Respondent
vs.) No. 21-0713 (Berkeley County CC-02-1984-F-40)
Herman D. Catlett,
Defendant Below, Petitioner
MEMORANDUM DECISION
Petitioner Herman D. Catlett appeals the Circuit Court of Berkeley County’s August 19,
2021, order denying his motion for resentencing without the opportunity to file a reply to the
State’s response to that motion. He contends that the circuit court committed plain error by
prematurely denying his motion.1 Upon our review, we determine that oral argument is
unnecessary and that a memorandum decision affirming the conviction is appropriate. See W. Va.
R. App. P. 21.
Petitioner was convicted of first degree murder in 1986 and sentenced to life imprisonment
without the possibility of parole. He appealed that conviction to this Court, and we affirmed in
State v. Catlett, 180 W. Va. 447, 376 S.E.2d 834 (1988). Since that time, petitioner has filed seven
petitions for habeas relief before the circuit court and two federal petitions for habeas relief, all of
which were denied. Petitioner appealed the denial of some of the state habeas petitions to this
Court, and this Court rejected the appeals or issued memorandum decisions affirming those
denials.2 On July 16, 2021, petitioner, without the assistance of counsel, filed a motion for
resentencing in order to bring a timely motion to reduce his sentence under Rule 35(b) of the West
Virginia Rules of Criminal Procedure.3 In its August 19, 2021, order denying that motion, the
1
Petitioner is self-represented, and respondent is represented by counsel Attorney General
Patrick Morrisey and Assistant Attorney General Lara K. Bissett.
2
See Catlett v. Ballard, No. 13-0078, 2013 WL 5989157 (W. Va. Nov. 12, 2013)
(memorandum decision) and Catlett v. Ames, No. 19-0179, 2020 WL 1951731 (W. Va. Apr. 23,
2020) (memorandum decision).
3
Rule 35(b) provides, in relevant part, that
(Continued . . .)
1
circuit court determined that petitioner is not entitled to any relief for a reduction of his sentence
pursuant to Rule 35(b), noting that he was convicted of first degree murder with no jury
recommendation of mercy. It also stated that “West Virginia Code § 62-3-15 provides that if a
defendant is convicted of first degree murder, he shall be punished by imprisonment in the
penitentiary for life, and shall not be eligible for parole.” Further, it found that a recommendation
regarding mercy is solely within the purview of the jury. See Syl. Pt. 7, State v. Triplett, 187 W.
Va. 760, 421 S.E.2d 511 (1992). The court, therefore, concluded that it had no discretion to reduce
petitioner’s sentence should his request be granted. It went on to find that petitioner provided no
basis for a resentencing order, nor had he provided sufficient legal precedent in support of his
request. Petitioner appeals from that order.
“In reviewing challenges to the findings and conclusions of the circuit court,
we apply a two-prong deferential standard of review. We review the final order and
the ultimate disposition under an abuse of discretion standard, and we review the
circuit court’s underlying factual findings under a clearly erroneous standard.
Questions of law are subject to a de novo review.” Syl. Pt. 2, Walker v. West
Virginia Ethics Commission, 201 W.Va. 108, 492 S.E.2d 167 (1997).
Syl. Pt. 1, State v. Meadows, 231 W. Va. 10, 743 S.E.2d 318 (2013).
On appeal, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred by denying his motion for
resentencing before he received the State’s response to his motion, taking away his opportunity to
file a reply. At the outset, we consider the lengthy history of petitioner’s case, including his direct
appeal and his multiple petitions for habeas relief at both the state and federal levels. Further, as
set forth in Rule 36.04(b) of the West Virginia Trial Court Rules, in relevant part, “[e]xcept as to
motions for an extension of time, a party may choose to file a reply memorandum. A reply
memorandum must be limited to matters newly raised in the opposing memorandum.” Although
petitioner argues that he had a right to file a reply, he fails to tell this Court what that reply would
have included related to “matters newly raised” by the State in its response brief.
This Court recently addressed the denial of a motion for resentencing, as follows:
Petitioner argues on appeal that the circuit court erred in finding that it did not have
jurisdiction to resentence him for the purpose of restarting the period in which he
would be able to file a Rule 35(b) motion for reconsideration of sentence. . . . [T]his
Court has repeatedly upheld the strict timeframes governing the filing of Rule 35(b)
motions. As set forth above, Rule 35(b) motions must be filed within 120 days of
the imposition of the sentence. As this Court found, “a circuit court does not have
jurisdiction to rule upon the merits of a motion for reduction of sentence under Rule
A motion to reduce a sentence may be made . . . within 120 days after the sentence
is imposed or probation is revoked, or within 120 days after the entry of a mandate
by the supreme court of appeals upon affirmance of a judgment of a conviction or
probation revocation or the entry of an order by the supreme court of appeals
dismissing or rejecting a petition for appeal of a judgment of a conviction or
probation revocation.
2
35(b) of the West Virginia Rules of Criminal Procedure when the motion is filed
outside the 120-day filing period set out under that rule.” State ex rel. State v. Sims,
239 W.Va. 764, 773, 806 S.E.2d 420, 429 (2017). While petitioner argues that he
is merely seeking to be resentenced in order to reset the 120-day filing period, this
conflicts with the purpose of the applicable time limitations. Indeed, this Court has
found that “[i]t is clear that Rule 35(b) imposes a 120-day limitation on filing a
motion under it, and Rule 45(b)(2) [of the West Virginia Rules of Criminal
Procedure] prohibits enlargement of that time period. We have previously upheld
circuit court rulings denying motions under Rule 35(b) as being untimely
filed. See Barritt v. Painter, 215 W. Va. 120, 122, 595 S.E.2d 62, 64 (2004) . . .
.” Sims, 239 W. Va. at 771, 806 S.E.2d at 427. To grant petitioner the relief he seeks
on appeal would totally undermine the time limits on the filing of Rule 35(b)
motions and this Court’s prior holdings strictly enforcing those time limits. As such,
he can be entitled to no relief.
State v. Rucker, No. 20-0615, 2021 WL 3833872, at *2 (W. Va. Aug. 27, 2021) (memorandum
decision).4 That same reasoning is applicable to petitioner’s appeal in this case. His motion for
resentencing was filed approximately thirty-five years after he was originally sentenced. This
Court previously affirmed his conviction when petitioner timely appealed it, and petitioner has
brought numerous appeals of the denial of his petitions for writs of habeas corpus with this Court
repeatedly finding that he is not entitled to habeas relief.
While petitioner contends that he did not timely receive the State’s response to his motion
for resentencing, removing his ability to reply to the same prior to the entry of the circuit court’s
order denying that motion, the circuit court’s findings of fact and conclusions of law were based
upon the wealth of information before it, including opinions from this Court from petitioner’s prior
appeals. In addition to the fact that petitioner fails to tell this Court what would have been included
in his reply that was likely to alter the circuit court’s conclusions, for the reasons set forth herein,
it is apparent that the circuit court’s findings of fact were not clearly erroneous and its ultimate
disposition was not an abuse of discretion.
Affirmed.
ISSUED: June 13, 2023
4
Rule 45(b)(2) of the West Virginia Rules of Criminal Procedure provides,
Upon motion made after the expiration of the specified period, permit the act to be
done if the failure to act was the result of excusable neglect; but the court may not
extend the time for taking any action under Rules 29, 33, 34 and 35, except to the
extent and under the conditions stated in them.
3
CONCURRED IN BY:
Chief Justice Elizabeth D. Walker
Justice John A. Hutchison
Justice William R. Wooton
Justice C. Haley Bunn
DISQUALIFIED:
Justice Tim Armstead
4