Ronald Palmer Heath v. Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections , 717 F.3d 1202 ( 2013 )

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[PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
________________________
No. 12-14715
________________________
D.C. Docket No. 1:09-cv-00148-MCR
RONALD PALMER HEATH,
Petitioner - Appellant,
versus
SECRETARY, FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS,
Respondent - Appellee.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of Florida
________________________
(June 11, 2013)
Before: TJOFLAT, MARCUS and PRYOR, Circuit Judges.
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PER CURIAM:
Ronald Palmer Heath is a Florida death row inmate awaiting execution. A
jury found him guilty of the May 1989 first-degree murder and armed robbery of
Michael Sheridan1 in Alachua County, Florida, and recommended that the trial
1
The Florida Supreme Court described the crime, thus:
Heath and his live-in girlfriend, Penny Powell, traveled to the Jacksonville
home of Heath’s grandmother. After an argument with Heath, Powell returned to
Douglas, Georgia, where she and Heath lived. Heath and his younger brother,
Kenneth, drove to Gainesville to visit some of Heath’s friends. On May 24, 1989,
the brothers went to the Purple Porpoise Lounge in Gainesville where two of
Heath’s friends worked as waitresses. Sometime during the evening the brothers
struck up a conversation with Sheridan, a traveling salesman who had come to the
lounge for drinks and dinner. Sheridan bought the brothers a drink and inquired if
they ever got high or had any marijuana. Heath suggested to Kenneth that they
take Sheridan somewhere and rob him; Kenneth agreed. The trio left the bar in
Kenneth’s vehicle, which Heath drove to an isolated area of Alachua County.
After parking on a dirt road, all three got out of the car and smoked marijuana.
Heath made the hand motion of a pistol and asked Kenneth, “Did you get it?”
Kenneth retrieved a small-caliber handgun from under the car seat, pointed it at
Sheridan, and told him that he was being robbed. Sheridan balked at giving the
brothers anything. Heath told Kenneth to shoot Sheridan. When Sheridan lunged
at Kenneth, Kenneth shot him in the chest. Sheridan sat down, saying “it hurt.”
As Sheridan began to remove his possessions, Heath kicked him and stabbed him
in the neck with a hunting knife. Heath attempted to slit Sheridan’s throat, but
was unable to complete the task with the dull knife and could only saw at
Sheridan’s neck. Heath then instructed Kenneth to kill Sheridan with the gun, and
Kenneth shot him twice in the head. The brothers moved the body further into the
woods. After returning to the Purple Porpoise, the brothers took Sheridan’s rental
car to a remote area, removed some items, and burned the car.
The next day the brothers used Sheridan’s credit cards to purchase clothes,
shoes, and other items at a Gainesville mall. . . . The brothers returned to
Jacksonville and tossed the handgun into the St. John’s River. The handgun was
never recovered. Heath eventually returned to the trailer which he shared with
Powell [his girlfriend] in Georgia.
Heath v. State, 648 So. 2d 660, 662, 19 Fla. L. Weekly S540 (1994).
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court sentence him to death. The court, finding the State had established two
aggravating circumstances2 beyond a reasonable doubt and that those
circumstances outweighed the mitigating circumstances shown by the evidence,
followed the jury’s recommendation and sentenced Heath to death. After
exhausting his state remedies on direct appeal3 and collateral attack,4 Heath
petitioned the United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida for a
writ of habeas corpus. The District Court denied his petition, Heath v. Tucker, No.
1:09-cv-00148-MCR, at *62 (N.D. Fla. Aug. 20, 2012), and issued a certificate of
appealability (“COA”) with respect to the following issues:
Whether the jury trial guarantees of the Sixth Amendment and/or the
Indictment Clause of the Fifth Amendment, applicable to the states
through the Fourteenth Amendment, require that capital aggravating
factors must be found by the grand jury and charged in the indictment
in a state capital prosecution.5
2
Fla. Stat. 921.141(5)(b), “The defendant was previously convicted of another capital
felony or of a felony involving the use or threat of violence to the person.” Heath was previously
convicted of second-degree murder. Heath, 648 So. 2d at 663. Fla. Stat. 921.141(5)(d), “The
capital felony was committed while the defendant was engaged, or was an accomplice, in the
commission of, or an attempt to commit, or flight after committing or attempting to commit, any:
robbery” [or other violent felony]. The trial court found that “the murder was committed during
the course of an armed robbery.” Heath, 648 So. 2d at 663.
3
See Heath, 648 So. 2d at 666 (affirming convictions and death sentence); cert. denied,
Heath v. Florida, 515 U.S. 1162, 115 S. Ct. 2618, 132 L. Ed. 2d 860 (1995).
4
See Heath v. State, 3 So. 3d 1017, 34 Fla. Weekly S95 (2009) (affirming denial of
Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.850 motion).
5
The relevant part of the Fifth Amendment is: “No person shall be held to answer for a
capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury
. . . .” U.S. Const. amend. V. The relevant part of the Sixth Amendment is: “In all criminal
prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of
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Under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 r
(“AEDPA”), Pub. L. No. 104-132, 110 Stat. 1214, codified at 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d),
a federal court may not grant habeas relief on a claim previously adjudicated in
state court unless the state court’s decision “was contrary to, or involved an
unreasonable application of, clearly established Federal law, as determined by the
Supreme Court of the United States,” or “was based on an unreasonable
determination of the facts in light of the evidence presented in the State court
proceeding.” 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d). The statutory phrase “clearly established
Federal law” refers only to “the holdings, as opposed to the dicta, of [the Supreme]
Court’s decisions as of the time of the relevant state-court decision.” Williams v.
Taylor, 529 U.S. 362, 412, 120 S. Ct. 1495, 1523, 146 L. Ed. 2d 389 (2000). A
state court decision is “contrary to” such law “if the state court arrives at a
conclusion opposite to that reached by [the Supreme] Court on a question of law or
if the state court decides a case differently than [the Supreme] Court has on a set of
materially indistinguishable facts.” Id. at 412–13.
In Grim v. Sec’y, Fla. Dep’t of Corr., 705 F.3d 1284 (11th Cir. 2013), this
court faced the same issues the District Court posed in the COA it issued in this
the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed . . . and to be informed of the
nature and cause of the accusation. . . .” U.S. Const. amend. VI.
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case. 6 Addressing the first issue—whether the Florida Supreme Court’s decision
rejecting Grim’s claim that the Sixth Amendment required that his indictment
“specify . . . which aggravating circumstances [the State] would rely on in seeking
the death penalty,” id. at 1288, was contrary to, or involved an unreasonable
application of, clearly established Supreme Court precedent—the panel held for the
State. The panel did so because (1) Grim was unable to provide a Supreme Court
holding requiring that the indictment specify the aggravating circumstances, and
(2) it was “unaware of a Supreme Court holding that even addresses the issue.” Id.
at 1289. And this is true today.
The Grim panel held that the Supreme Court’s decision in McDonald v. City
of Chicago, — U.S. —, 130 S. Ct. 3020, 3035 n.13, 177 L. Ed. 2d 894 (2010),
resolved the second issue—whether the Fifth Amendment’s indictment clause
requires that the aggravating circumstances be found by the grand jury and charged
in the indictment. Grim, 705 F.3d at 1287. The “‘Fifth Amendment’s grand jury
indictment requirement’ is not applicable to the States.” Id. (quoting McDonald,
130 S. Ct. at 3035 n.13).
6
The COAs in Grim and the instant case contain the exact same language. Compare
Grim v. Sec’y, Fla. Dep’t of Corr., 705 F.3d 1284, 1286 (11th Cir. 2013), with Heath v. Tucker,
No. 1:09-cv-00148-MCR, at *62 (N.D. Fla. Aug. 20, 2012). As a result, the holdings from Grim
control the instant case.
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In light of these holdings, the judgment of the District Court denying
Heath’s petition for a writ of habeas corpus is
AFFIRMED.
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