Kyle Benton Askin v. State , 365 P.3d 784 ( 2016 )

IN THE SUPREME COURT, STATE OF WYOMING
2016 WY 9
OCTOBER TERM, A.D. 2015
January 21, 2016
KYLE BENTON ASKIN,
Appellant
(Defendant),
v. S-15-0162
THE STATE OF WYOMING,
Appellee
(Plaintiff).
Appeal from the District Court of Natrona County
The Honorable Daniel L. Forgey, Judge
Representing Appellant:
Office of the State Public Defender: Diane M. Lozano, State Public Defender;
Tina N. Olson, Chief Appellate Counsel; Kirk Allan Morgan, Senior Assistant
Appellate Counsel.
Representing Appellee:
Peter K. Michael, Attorney General; David L. Delicath, Deputy Attorney General;
Christyne M. Martens, Senior Assistant Attorney General; Caitlin F. Young,
Assistant Attorney General.
Before BURKE, C.J., and HILL, DAVIS, FOX, and KAUTZ, JJ.
NOTICE: This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in Pacific Reporter Third. Readers
are requested to notify the Clerk of the Supreme Court, Supreme Court Building, Cheyenne, Wyoming
82002, of any typographical or other formal errors so that correction may be made before final publication in
the permanent volume.
BURKE, Chief Justice.
[¶1] Appellant, Kyle Benton Askin, claims the district court applied an improper legal
standard in denying his request for credit for time served in presentence confinement. He
contends the district court made its decision based upon an erroneous understanding that
it lacked the discretionary authority to award credit. We agree with Appellant and,
accordingly, we reverse and remand to the district court.
ISSUE
[¶2] Appellant presents the following issue:
Did the district court apply the correct legal standard in
determining whether to award Appellant credit for time spent
in presentence confinement?
FACTS
[¶3] In 2007, Appellant pled guilty to two counts of failure to register as a sex offender
and received concurrent sentences, which were suspended in favor of probation. Askin v.
State, 2013 WY 162, ¶ 4, 314 P.3d 1182, 1183 (Wyo. 2013). As part of his probation,
Appellant was required to complete an adult community corrections program at a
community corrections facility. Id. After Appellant left the program prior to completion,
the State charged him with escape and petitioned to revoke his probation. Id., ¶ 5, 314
P.3d at 1183. The district court revoked Appellant’s probation and re-imposed the
suspended sentence of four to six years for failure to register as a sex offender. Id.
Appellant pled guilty to the escape charge and was sentenced to three to seven years
imprisonment. The district court suspended the new sentence in favor of four years of
supervised probation, to be served consecutively to the re-imposed sentence for failure to
register. Id.
[¶4] In June 2014, the Natrona County Sheriff’s Office discovered that Appellant was
not living at the address he provided when he updated his sex offender registration in
March of that year. As a result, Appellant’s probation was revoked and the prison
sentence for Appellant’s escape conviction was re-imposed. Additionally, on August 6,
2014, while Appellant was incarcerated, the State charged him with one count of failure
to register as a sex offender in violation of Wyo. Stat. Ann. §§ 7-19-302 and 7-19-307(c)
(LexisNexis 2013). Appellant was subsequently transported from the Wyoming Medium
Correctional Institution in Torrington to the Natrona County jail for disposition of the
charge of failure to register.
[¶5] Pursuant to a plea agreement, Appellant pled guilty to the charge of failure to
register and the State agreed to recommend a sentence of 18 to 24 months imprisonment.
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The district court accepted the plea and imposed the recommended sentence. The court
denied Appellant’s request for credit for time spent in presentence confinement, stating
that it did not “believe, at least at this time, that there is sufficient legal authority to award
any credit for time served in this case.” This appeal followed.
DISCUSSION
[¶6] In his only issue, Appellant claims the district court erred by failing to consider his
request for credit for time spent in presentence confinement. Appellant asserts the district
court incorrectly believed that it did not have authority to award credit for time spent in
presentence confinement where, as in the present case, the defendant was serving time for
an unrelated conviction at the same time. Appellant contends that Wyoming law clearly
provides that a district court has discretion to award such credit. Accordingly, he
requests that we remand to the district court to consider his claim for credit for time
served under the appropriate legal standard.
[¶7] The State responds that presentence confinement does not include confinement
that persists without regard to the defendant’s ability to post bond. It contends that, as a
result, the time Appellant spent in prison during adjudication of this matter does not meet
the definition of “presentence confinement.” The State claims there is a “disconnect”
between the district court’s authority to award credit for presentence confinement and the
fact that Appellant’s detention does not qualify as presentence confinement.
[¶8] According to the State, because Appellant did not object to the district court’s
refusal to award credit for presentence confinement, we should review for plain error.
We do not agree. Appellant raised the issue before the district court when he requested
credit for time served in presentence confinement. Accordingly, we find that the plain
error standard of review does not apply. We review the district court’s refusal to grant
the requested credit for an abuse of discretion. Daniels v. State, 2014 WY 125, ¶ 11, 335
P.3d 483, 486 (Wyo. 2014).
[¶9] We addressed an issue similar to the one presented here in Daniels v. State. In that
case, the district court denied the defendant’s request for credit for time spent completing
an in-patient treatment program. Id., ¶ 5, 335 P.3d at 485. The court based its decision
on the belief that it did not have authority to award such credit because the defendant was
not subject to a charge of escape. Id. We explained that the district court has discretion
to grant or deny credit for time served in presentence custody where such custody is not
due to the defendant’s indigency and the sum of such time spent plus the sentence does
not exceed the maximum allowable sentence:
A district court must award credit when a defendant is
in official detention; however, it also has discretion to award
credit in other circumstances. “The rule in Wyoming is that
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the trial judge has discretion to grant or deny credit for time
served in presentence custody where such custody is not due
to the defendant’s indigency and the sum of such time spent
plus the sentence does not exceed the maximum allowable
sentence.” Hedge [v. State], 696 P.2d [51, 52 (Wyo. 1985)].
See also Jones v. State, 602 P.2d 378, 381 (Wyo. 1979). In
Sweets v. State, 2001 WY 126, ¶ 7, 36 P.3d 1130, 1131-32
(Wyo. 2001), the defendant was serving an earlier unrelated
sentence when he negotiated a plea agreement which included
credit for some of that time against his second sentence.
Although we concluded the defendant’s detention did not
meet the definition of presentence confinement because he
was incarcerated on a different charge, we used the same
rationale as in Hedge and Jones and concluded the district
court had discretion to grant presentence confinement credit
that the defendant was not otherwise entitled to receive. Id.
Daniels, ¶ 11, 335 P.3d at 486. In accordance with this rule, we held that
Even though Mr. Daniels was not in official detention,
the district court had discretion to award presentence
confinement credit for the time he spent in in-patient
treatment. See Sweets, supra. Contrary to the district court’s
ruling at the second revocation disposition hearing, there was
nothing in the law to prohibit it from granting credit under the
circumstances presented here, and the district court erred as a
matter of law by ruling it did not have authority to award such
credit.
Id., ¶ 13, 335 P.3d at 487.
[¶10] In Sweets v. State, ¶ 3, 36 P.3d at 1131, the defendant was serving a prison
sentence for indecent liberties with a minor when the State brought a charge of delivery
of a controlled substance for acts which had occurred prior to his incarceration. The
defendant was transported from the Wyoming State Penitentiary to the Sweetwater
County jail and incarcerated there while he awaited trial on the drug delivery charge. Id.
At the sentencing hearing, the district court awarded the defendant credit for 31 days
spent in presentence confinement. Id. We concluded that
Sweets’ receipt of thirty-one days presentence credit at
the time of his sentence for the second conviction is not
contrary to the law. It is within the trial court’s discretion to
grant or deny credit for time served in presentence detention
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if (1) the detention is not due to the defendant’s indigency,
and (2) the sum of the time spent in presentence detention
plus the sentence given upon conviction does not exceed the
maximum allowable sentence. Hedge v. State, 696 P.2d 51,
52 (Wyo. 1985).
Sweets, ¶ 7, 36 P.3d at 1131.
[¶11] The State claims that our decision in Sweets is inconsistent with prior precedent,
including Smith v. State, 932 P.2d 1281, 1282 (Wyo. 1997), Wayt v. State, 912 P.2d 1106,
1109-10 (Wyo. 1996), and Wilson v. State, 896 P.2d 1327, 1328-29 (Wyo. 1995). Those
cases, however, do not conflict with the decisions in Sweets and Daniels. Rather, they
stand for the proposition that credit for presentence confinement is not required when the
defendant is in custody on different charges. In Smith, 932 P.2d at 1282, we stated as
follows:
In recent cases, we have made clear the proposition
that credit for presentence confinement does not include any
credit for confinement that would persist without regard to the
defendant’s ability to post bond in the court in which he is
awaiting sentence. Wayt v. State, 912 P.2d 1106 (Wyo. 1996);
Wilson v. State, 896 P.2d 1327 (Wyo. 1995). In Wilson, it was
clear that Wilson would have remained in custody on another
charge even if he had posted bond on the charge for which he
sought presentence confinement credit. In Wayt, Wayt was
held in Platte County on different charges than the one for
which he was awaiting sentence in Natrona County. Under
the circumstances, no credit was required.
While our decisions in Smith and the cases discussed therein hold that a defendant is not
entitled to credit for time served when the defendant is in custody on unrelated charges,
they do not hold that the district court does not have discretion to award such credit.
Accordingly, we are not persuaded by the State’s claim that Sweets or Daniels is contrary
to this Court’s precedent.
[¶12] Based on our decisions in Daniels and Sweets, the district court had authority to
award Appellant credit for time spent in presentence confinement. We have previously
recognized that judicial discretion is “a composite of many things, among which are
conclusions drawn from objective criteria; it means a sound judgment exercised with
regard to what is right under the circumstances and without doing so arbitrarily or
capriciously.” Sanchez v. State, 2013 WY 159, ¶ 10, 314 P.3d 1177, 1180 (Wyo. 2013).
In determining “what is right under the circumstances,” it is essential that the court apply
the applicable law. Indeed, we have stated that “An abuse of discretion occurs when a
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court’s decision exceeds the bounds of reason or constitutes an error of law.” Goody v.
Goody, 939 P.2d 731, 733 (Wyo. 1997). In this case, the district court was under the
mistaken impression that it lacked the requisite authority to award credit for time served
in presentence confinement. We note that the district court is not required to award
Appellant credit. It must, however, make that decision with the understanding that it has
the discretionary authority to award the requested credit.
[¶13] Reversed and remanded for proceedings consistent with this opinion.
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