Henry Lee Company v. Tolz , 157 F.3d 1290 ( 1998 )

United States Court of Appeals,
Eleventh Circuit.
No. 98-4186
Non-Argument Calendar.
HENRY LEE COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
Marika TOLZ, Trustee, Defendant-Appellee.
Oct. 15, 1998.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida. (No. 97-7213-CV-
WJZ), William J. Zloch, Judge.
Before BLACK and HULL, Circuit Judges, and GODBOLD, Senior Circuit Judge.
PER CURIAM:
Defendant Henry Lee Company appeals from a judgment in the district court granting
summary judgment in favor of the plaintiff, Marika Tolz in her capacity as bankruptcy trustee for
the debtor, Le Dome of the Four Seasons.
Tolz brought suit against Henry Lee to recover funds held by the Union Bank of Florida
pursuant to a writ of garnishment obtained by Henry Lee. The writ of garnishment was obtained
within 90 days of the debtor's filing a voluntary petition for bankruptcy under Chapter 7. Because
the writ was obtained within the 90-day presumptive period of insolvency, the trustee claimed a
priority interest in the funds. Henry Lee responded by asserting that it had an enforceable judicial
lien which gave it a secured interest in the funds because it obtained a partial final judgment and writ
of execution against Le Dome that it docketed with the sheriff prior to the 90-day presumptive
insolvency period. Henry Lee maintained that this lien gave it priority because under Florida law
a judgment creditor obtains priority by delivering the writ of execution to the sheriff for the county
where the property is located. Both the bankruptcy court and, on appeal, the district court held that
Tolz was entitled to recover the funds because under the Florida Uniform Commercial Code a
trustee in bankruptcy, as a hypothetical lien holder, takes priority over those holding an unperfected
security interest in the assets of the debtor. Those courts found Henry Lee's interest to be
unperfected because under the UCC a security interest in money can only be perfected by
possession.
On appeal to this court Henry Lee asserts that the UCC perfection rules do not apply to the
lien he obtained on Le Dome's property because under Fla. Stat. ch. 679.104, certain transactions
are explicitly excluded from the UCC's perfection requirements. Excluded from these rules are
"rights represented by a judgment." Fla. Stat. ch. 679.104(8) (1997). Henry Lee contends that
because it obtained a judgment against Le Dome for the amount owed, its lien on the funds was a
right represented by a judgment that was not subject to the UCC's perfection rules.
Henry Lee misconstrues the meaning of this exception. According to the Florida cases
applying this exception, as well as commentators and other courts that have interpreted the identical
exception in other jurisdictions, the exception is intended to exclude the assignment of rights
obtained in a judgment from the requirements of the UCC because such rights are generally
intangible and do not fit within the scheme of the UCC. See Sun Bank, N.A. v. Parkland Design &
Dev. Corp., 466 So.2d 1089, 1091 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App.1985) (rejecting application of exception to
situation where a garnishment claim originated as a judgment and noting that the nature of the
intangible determines the applicability of the exclusion); In re Hryniewicz, 222 B.R. 14, 16
(Bankr.D.Conn.1998) ("Under this section, the rights arising from a judgment may not serve as
collateral for an Article 9 security interest."); LiMandri v. Judkins, 52 Cal.App.4th 326, 60
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Cal.Rptr.2d 539, 547 (Cal.Ct.App.1997) (The effect of this UCC section "is merely that a security
interest in a tort claim or right represented by a judgment cannot be perfected and, accordingly, the
secured party is not entitled to the benefits accorded to perfected security interests under division
9 of the UCC.") Law Research Service, Inc. v. Martin Lutz Appellate Printers, Inc., 498 F.2d 836(2d Cir.1974) (applying New York law and holding that filing under the Code is not required to
perfect the interest of the assignee of a judgment as such an assignment is expressly excluded from
the operation of the Code); 68A Am.Jur.2d Secured Transactions § 144 (1993) ("Filing was not
necessary to perfect assignment of a judgment under the UCC since CLS UCC § 9-104(h)
specifically excludes the right represented by a judgment from Article 9.").
This authority indicates that to determine whether the exclusion applies courts must look
at the nature of the collateral to be secured. Where the collateral is the actual right represented by
a judgment then the UCC's perfection rules do not apply. The collateral to be secured here was not
a right represented by a judgment but funds contained in a bank account. The funds were an asset
of Le Dome that Henry Lee attempted to garnish for the purpose of recouping a debt owed.
Therefore the garnishment of the funds was not a transaction excluded from the requirements of the
UCC under Fla. Stat. ch. 679.104.
According to Florida law, the only way for Henry Lee to obtain a perfected security interest
in the bank account funds was to take possession of them. See Fla. Stat. ch. 679.304(1). Because
he had not obtained possession of the funds prior to the 90 day presumptive insolvency period that
preceded Le Dome's filing of the bankruptcy petition, Tolz, as trustee, has a priority interest in the
funds garnished by Henry Lee and is entitled to recover those funds. See 11 U.S.C. § 544.
The judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.
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