State v. Wood , 2021 Ohio 2 ( 2021 )

[Cite as State v. Wood, 2021-Ohio-2.]
w COURT OF APPEALS
FAIRFIELD COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO JUDGES:
Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P. J.
Plaintiff-Appellee Hon. John W. Wise, J.
Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J.
-vs-
Case No. 2020 CA 00023
DONALD L. WOOD
Defendant-Appellant OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Criminal Appeal from the Municipal Court,
Case No. 18 TRC 0469
JUDGMENT: Reversed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: January 4, 2021
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
MITCHELL R. HARDEN ANDREW T. SANDERSON
ASSISTANT CITY PROSECUTOR BURKETT & SANDERSON, INC.
136 West Main Street 738 East Main Street
Lancaster, Ohio 43130 Lancaster, Ohio 43130
Fairfield County, Case No. 2020 CA 00023 2
Wise, J.
{¶1} Appellant Donald Wood appeals the judgment of the Fairfield County
Municipal Court after entering a plea of no contest to one count of a Driving While Under
the Influence of Alcohol or Drugs. The relevant facts leading to this appeal are as follows.
STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND CASE
{¶2} On August 12, 2017, Fairfield County deputies discovered Appellant passed
out behind the wheel of a vehicle at the scene of an automobile accident. At the scene,
Appellant appeared confused, and his eyes were glazed over. Appellant had a clear and
shiny residue dripping down the side of his mouth.
{¶3} In the car, deputies found a bottle of air duster on the driver side floorboard,
and Appellant admitted to “huffing” for about an hour. Additional air dusters were
discovered on the passenger floor board, with a receipt showing they had been purchased
that day. One of the air duster cans was ice cold and had frost on it, indicating recent use.
Deputies arrested Appellant after the investigation.
{¶4} On August 14, 2017, Defendant was charged with one count of felony
Abusing Harmful Intoxicants in violation of R.C. 2925.31 in the Fairfield County Common
Pleas Court.
{¶5} On January 12, 2018, Appellant was charged with one count of
misdemeanor Driving While Under the Influence of Alcohol or Drugs in violation of
4511.19(A)(1)(a) in the Fairfield County Municipal Court. However, Appellant was not
successfully served with the Driving While Under the Influence of Alcohol or Drugs charge
until May 15, 2018.
Fairfield County, Case No. 2020 CA 00023 3
{¶6} The felony and the misdemeanor case proceeded independently of each
other. The Driving While Under the Influence of Alcohol or Drugs charge was scheduled
for trial on July 11, 2018. Appellant failed to appear, and a bench warrant was issued for
Appellant’s arrest.
{¶7} On October 1, 2018, Appellant entered a guilty plea to the felony Abusing
Harmful Intoxicants charge in Fairfield County Common Pleas Court.
{¶8} On December 6, 2019, the Municipal Court recalled its warrant and set a
trial date for February 13, 2020.
{¶9} On February 5, 2020, Appellant filed two separate motions to dismiss
alleging that the Driving While Under the Influence of Alcohol or Drugs charge should be
dismissed for both double jeopardy and speedy trial violations.
{¶10} On February 27, 2020, the trial court overruled Appellant’s motions to
dismiss.
{¶11} On May 20, 2020, Appellant entered a plea of no contest to the Driving
While Under the Influence of Alcohol or Drugs charge.
ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
{¶12} On May 21, 2020, Appellant filed a notice of appeal. He herein raises the
following sole assignment of error.
{¶13} “I. THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED HARMFUL ERROR IN FAILING TO
DISMISS THE CHARGES AGAINST THE DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.”
Fairfield County, Case No. 2020 CA 00023 4
I.
a. Speedy Trial Bar to Further Prosecution
{¶14} Appellant argues the trial court erred in allowing his prosecution in violation
of his right to a speedy trial. We agree.
{¶15} Speedy trial provisions are mandatory and are encompassed within the
Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The availability of a speedy trial to a
person accused of a crime is a fundamental right made obligatory on the states through
the Fourteenth Amendment. State v. Ladd, 56 Ohio St.2d 197, 200, 383 N.E.2d 579(1978). “The statutory speedy trial provisions, R.C. 2945.71 et seq., constitute a rational
effort to enforce the constitutional right to a public speedy trial of an accused charged with
the commission of a felony or a misdemeanor and shall be strictly enforced by the courts
of this state.” State v. Pachay, 64 Ohio St.2d 218, 416 N.E.2d 589 (1980), syllabus.
{¶16} R.C. 2945.71(B) provides, “a person against whom a charge of
misdemeanor, other than a minor misdemeanor, is pending in a court of record, shall be
brought to trial * * * within ninety days after the person’s arrest or the service of summons.”
{¶17} R.C. 2945.71(C) provides, “[a] person against whom a charge of felony is
pending * * * [s]hall be brought to trial within two hundred seventy days after the person’s
arrest.
{¶18} R.C. 2845.71(D) provides, “[a] person against whom one or more charges
of different degrees * * * all of which arose out of the same act or transaction, are pending
shall be brought to trial on all charges within the time period required for the highest
degree of offense charged[.]”
Fairfield County, Case No. 2020 CA 00023 5
{¶19} A speedy-trial claim involves a mixed question of law and fact. State v.
Larkin, 5th Dist. Richland No. 2004-CA-103, 2005-Ohio-3122. As an appellate court, we
must accept as true any facts found by the trial court and supported by competent,
credible evidence. We apply a de novo standard of review with regard to legal issues.
{¶20} When reviewing the legal issues presented in a speedy-trial claim, we must
strictly construe the relevant statutes against the state. Brecksville v. Cook, 75 Ohio St.3d
53, 57, 661 N.E.2d 706, 709 (1996); State v. Colon, 5th Dist. Stark No. 09-CA-232, 2010-
Ohio-2326, ¶12.
{¶21} “[S]ubsequent charges made against an accused would be subject to the
same speedy-trial constraints as the original charges, if additional charges arose from the
same facts as the first indictment.” State v. Baker, 78 Ohio St.3d 108, 110, 1997-Ohio-
229, 676 N.E.2d 883 (1997), citing State v. Adams, 43 Ohio St.3d 67, 68, 538 N.E.2d
1025 (1989). “ ‘When new and additional charges arise from the same facts as did the
original charge and the state knew of such facts at the time of the initial indictment, the
time within which the trial is to begin on the additional charge is subject to the same
statutory limitations period that is applied to the original charge.’ ” Id. at 111, citing Adams
at 68.
{¶22} Below are the pertinent dates:
{¶23} On August 12, 2017, Appellant was originally arrested.
{¶24} On August 14, 2017, Appellant was indicted in Fairfield County Common
Pleas Court for Abusing Harmful Intoxicants, a felony.
{¶25} On January 12, 2018, Appellant was indicted in Fairfield County Municipal
Court for Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol or Drugs, a misdemeanor.
Fairfield County, Case No. 2020 CA 00023 6
{¶26} On May 15, 2018, Appellant is successfully served with the misdemeanor
charge.
{¶27} On July 11, 2018, Appellant failed to appear on the scheduled trial date.
{¶28} On October 1, 2018, Appellant entered a plea of guilty on the felony case in
Fairfield County Common Pleas Court.
{¶29} On December 6, 2019, the misdemeanor case was recalled and scheduled
for trial.
{¶30} On February 5, 2020, Appellant files motions to dismiss on the grounds of
double jeopardy and speedy trial violations.
{¶31} On February 27, 2020, the trial court overruled both motions.
{¶32} On May 20, 2020, Appellant entered a plea of no contest to the
misdemeanor charge.
{¶33} According to Baker, the subsequent misdemeanor charge would be subject
to the same statutory limitation period as the originally filed felony charge, 270 days from
the indictment on August 14, 2017. This matter was not brought to trial until July 11, 2018.
Therefore, a total time of 330 days had elapsed, exceeding the speedy trial statutory
limitation of the originally charged felony.
{¶34} Appellee does not present any evidence that they did not possess the facts
necessary to bring the Driving While Under the Influence of Alcohol or Drugs charge at
the time Appellee brought the Abusing Harmful Intoxicants charge. Additionally, the
record does not contain any support that the statutory time extensions in R.C. 2945.72
apply to the time period from August 14, 2017, to July 11, 2018.
Fairfield County, Case No. 2020 CA 00023 7
{¶35} Therefore, we sustain Appellant’s Sole Assignment of Error, and we reverse
Appellant’s conviction based upon a violation of his speedy trial rights.
{¶36} Appellant’s Sole Assignment of Error is granted.
b. Double Jeopardy Bar to Subsequent Prosecution.
{¶37} Due to our disposition of Appellant’s speedy trial as a bar to further
prosecution issue, we find Appellant’s double jeopardy bar to subsequent prosecution
issue to be moot.
{¶38} For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the Municipal Court of Fairfield
County, Ohio, is hereby reversed.
By: Wise, J.
Gwin, P. J., and
Delaney, J., concur.
JWW/br 1229