State v. Ellis ( 2019 )

[Cite as State v. Ellis, 2019-Ohio-3164.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : APPEAL NO. C-180331
TRIAL NO. B-9403355
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
vs. : O P I N I O N.
JAMES P. ELLIS, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
Criminal Appeal From: Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas
Judgment Appealed From Is: Appeal Dismissed
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: August 7, 2019
Joseph T. Deters, Hamilton County Prosecuting Attorney, and Philip R. Cummings,
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Plaintiff-Appellee,
James P. Ellis, pro se.
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
Per Curiam.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant James P. Ellis appeals the Hamilton County
Common Pleas Court’s judgment overruling his “Motion for: ‘Sentencing,’ (to correct
a fundamental miscarriage of justice)” and “Motion for: ‘Issuance of a Final
Appealable Order.’ ” We dismiss the appeal for lack of jurisdiction.
{¶2} In 1995, Ellis was convicted of aggravated murder and aggravated
burglary. The trial court imposed prison terms of life for the aggravated murder and
ten to 25 years, with ten years of actual incarceration, for the aggravated burglary
and ordered that those terms be served consecutively. We affirmed those convictions
in the direct appeal. See State v. Ellis, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-950307, 1996 WL
496930 (Sept. 4, 1996), appeal not allowed, 77 Ohio St.3d 1518, 674 N.E.2d 371(1997).
{¶3} In 2016, Ellis filed with the common pleas court a single document
captioned “Motion for: ‘Sentencing,’ (to correct a fundamental miscarriage of
justice)” and “Motion for: ‘Issuance of a Final Appealable Order.’ ” In his combined
motions, Ellis asserted that his consecutive sentences are void and thus
unenforceable because he had been “ordered” to serve his ten-to-25-year prison term
after completing his life term, and that, in the absence of a lawful sentence, the
judgment of conviction did not comply with Crim.R. 32(C).
{¶4} In this appeal, Ellis presents a single assignment of error challenging the
overruling of his motions. We do not reach the merits of the assignment of error,
because we have no jurisdiction to review the judgment overruling the motions.
2
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
No Common Pleas Court Jurisdiction
{¶5} Ellis did not specify in either his “Motion for: ‘Sentencing’ ” or his “Motion
for: ‘Issuance of a Final Appealable Order’ ” a statute or rule under which the relief
sought might have been afforded. The common pleas court was thus left to “recast” the
motions “into whatever category necessary to identify and establish the criteria by
which the motion[s] should be judged.” State v. Schlee, 117 Ohio St.3d 153, 2008-
Ohio-545, 882 N.E.2d 431, ¶ 12 and syllabus. Accord State v. Diol, 1st Dist. Hamilton
No. C-180249, 2019-Ohio-2170, ¶ 17; State v. Black, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-070546,
2008-Ohio-3790, ¶ 4.
{¶6} But the motions did not allege a constitutional violation and thus were
not reviewable by the common pleas court under the standards provided by R.C.
2953.21 et seq., governing the proceedings upon a petition for postconviction relief.
See R.C. 2953.21(A)(1) (requiring a postconviction petitioner to demonstrate a
constitutional violation in the proceedings resulting in his conviction). The motions
were also not reviewable as motions for a new trial under Crim.R. 33 or as motions to
withdraw a guilty or no-contest plea under Crim.R. 32.1, because Ellis was convicted
following a jury trial, not upon guilty or no-contest pleas, and his motions did not
seek a new trial. The motions were not reviewable under R.C. Chapter 2731 as
petitions for a writ of mandamus, under R.C. Chapter 2721 as declaratory judgment
actions, or under R.C. Chapter 2725 as petitions for a writ of habeas corpus, because
the motions did not satisfy those statutes’ procedural requirements. See R.C.
2731.04, 2721.12(A), and 2725.04. And Crim.R. 57(B) did not require the common
pleas court to entertain the motions under Civ.R. 60(B), because Ellis’s sentences
were reviewable under the procedures provided for a direct appeal. Therefore, the
3
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
common pleas court had no jurisdiction to entertain the motions. See State v. Smith,
1st Dist. Hamilton Nos. C-150445 and C-150446, 2016-Ohio-3521, ¶ 17-19.
No Court of Appeals Jurisdiction
{¶7} Moreover, this court has no jurisdiction to review the entry overruling
Ellis’s postconviction motions for “Sentencing” and “Issuance of a Final Appealable
Order.” Article IV, Section 3(B)(2), Ohio Constitution, confers upon an intermediate
appellate court only “such jurisdiction as may be provided by law to review and
affirm, modify, or reverse judgments or final orders of the courts of record inferior to
the court of appeals within the district.”
{¶8} The common pleas court’s entry overruling Ellis’s postconviction
motions is not a judgment of conviction. Therefore, the entry is plainly not
reviewable under our jurisdiction under R.C. 2953.02 or 2953.08 to review on direct
appeal a criminal conviction.
{¶9} An appeals court has jurisdiction under R.C. 2953.23(B) to review an
order awarding or denying postconviction relief. But the entry overruling Ellis’s
motions was not appealable under R.C. 2953.23(B), because, as we determined, the
motion was not reviewable by the common pleas court under the postconviction
statutes.
{¶10} An appeals court also has jurisdiction under R.C. 2505.03(A) to review
and affirm, modify, or reverse a “final order, judgment or decree.” A “final order” is
defined to include an order that “affects a substantial right” in “an action,” when that
order “in effect determines the action and prevents a judgment.” R.C. 2505.02(B)(1).
A final order also includes an order that “affects a substantial right” and is “made in a
special proceeding,” that is, in “an action or proceeding that is specially created by
4
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
statute and that prior to 1853 was not denoted as an action at law or a suit in equity.”
R.C. 2505.02(B)(2) and (A)(2). And a “final order” includes an order that grants or
denies “a provisional remedy,” that is, a remedy in “a proceeding ancillary to an
action,” when that order “in effect determines the action with respect to the
provisional remedy and prevents a judgment in the action in favor of the appealing
party with respect to the provisional remedy,” and when “[t]he appealing party
would not be afforded a meaningful or effective remedy by an appeal following final
judgment as to all proceedings, issues, claims, and parties in the action.” R.C.
2505.02(B)(4) and (A)(3).
{¶11} The entry overruling Ellis’s motions did not, for purposes of the grant
of jurisdiction under R.C. 2505.03(A), constitute a “final order” as defined by R.C.
2505.02. The entry was not made in a special statutory proceeding. Because the
common pleas court had no jurisdiction to entertain the motions, the entry
overruling those motions did not have the effect of determining an “action.” Nor did
the entry deny a “provisional remedy,” when the motions did not seek relief in a
proceeding ancillary to an action then pending before the common pleas court. See
R.C. 2505.02(B)(1), (B)(2), and (B)(4)(a). Thus, because the entry overruling Ellis’s
motions did not constitute a “final order,” R.C. 2505.03(A) did not confer upon this
court jurisdiction to review the entry. See State v. Littlepage, 1st Dist. Hamilton
Nos. C-170207 and C-170157, 2018-Ohio-2959, ¶ 4-12.
{¶12} Finally, a court always has jurisdiction to correct a void judgment.
State ex rel. Cruzado v. Zaleski, 111 Ohio St.3d 353, 2006-Ohio-5795, 856 N.E.2d
263, ¶ 18-19. And a judgment of conviction is void to the extent that a sentence is
unauthorized by statute or does not include a statutorily mandated term or if the trial
5
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
court lacks subject-matter jurisdiction or the authority to act. State v.
Wurzelbacher, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-130011, 2013-Ohio-4009, ¶ 8; State v.
Grant, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-120695, 2013-Ohio-3421, ¶ 9-16.
{¶13} Ellis’s sentences fully conformed with the 1995 versions of R.C.
2929.03(A)(1)(a), 2929.11(B)(1)(a), and 2929.41(B)(1). Those statutes authorized the
trial court to impose prison terms of life without parole for aggravated murder and
ten to 25 years, with ten years of actual incarceration, for aggravated burglary and to
order that those terms be served consecutively.
{¶14} In his motions, Ellis sought relief on the ground that his sentences are
void because of the sequence in which his consecutive prison terms had been
“ordered” to be served. His sentences, he asserted, were contrary to law, because he
was “first ordered to serve a ‘non-specified’ life sentence * * * [and] to thereafter
serve a ‘consecutive’ prison term of [ten to 25 years, ten] years of which must be
served as ‘actual incarceration.’ ”
{¶15} The 1995 version of R.C. 2929.41(C)(4) required that a definite prison
term be served before an indefinite term.1 But the trial court did not “order[],” either
at the sentencing hearing or in the judgment of conviction, that Ellis’s life term be
served before his ten-year-actual-to-25-year term. And the absence from the
judgment of conviction of an order concerning the sequence for serving consecutive
sentences has not been held to render those sentences void. See State v. Williams,
148 Ohio St.3d 403, 2016-Ohio-7658, 71 N.E.3d 234, ¶ 21 and 28 (noting the court’s
1 We note that for offenses committed on or after July 1, 1996, the rule governing the Ohio
Department of Rehabilitation and Correction’s “[d]etermination of stated prison terms and life
sentences when multiple terms or sentences are imposed” is set forth in Ohio Adm.Code 5120-2-
03.1. The rule provides that an offender serving a life term without parole is ineligible for parole
and shall be imprisoned until death, regardless of other prison terms being served. Ohio
Adm.Code 5120-2-03.1(H).
6
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
three void sentencing errors—failing to impose a statutorily mandated term of
postrelease control, a mandatory driver’s license suspension, or a mandatory fine—
and extending the court’s nonjurisdictional “void-sentence jurisprudence” to the
imposition of sentences on multiple offenses found by the trial court to be subject to
merger under R.C. 2941.25). See also State v. Detardo, 6th Dist. Wood No. WD-99-
005, 1999 WL 652006, *1 (Aug. 27, 1999) (holding that the common pleas court had
no jurisdiction to entertain petitioner’s late postconviction claim that serving his
indefinite state sentence before his definite three-year federal sentence
violated R.C. 2929.41(C)(4) and rendered his state sentence void). Therefore, the
sentencing error alleged in Ellis’s motions is not subject to correction under the
jurisdiction to correct a void judgment.
Appeal Dismissed
{¶16} We have no jurisdiction to review the common pleas court’s judgment
overruling Ellis’s “Motion for: ‘Sentencing,’ ” and “Motion for: ‘Issuance of Final
Appealable Order.’ ” Accordingly, we dismiss this appeal.
Appeal dismissed.
MYERS, P.J., CROUSE and WINKLER, JJ.
Please note:
The court has recorded its own entry on the date of the release of this opinion.
7