State v. Hereford , 2020 Ohio 3587 ( 2020 )

[Cite as State v. Hereford, 2020-Ohio-3587.]
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
STATE OF OHIO, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
Nos. 107996 and 108480
v. :
DARIUS HEREFORD, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: July 2, 2020
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case Nos. CR-15-600884-A, CR-16-608844-A,
CR-18-631059-A, CR-18-631844-A, and CR-18-633903-A
Appearances:
Michael C. O’Malley, Cuyahoga County Prosecuting
Attorney, and Anna M. Herceg, Assistant Prosecuting
Attorney, for appellee.
Mark A. Stanton, Cuyahoga County Public Defender, and
John T. Martin, Assistant Public Defender, for appellant.
ANITA LASTER MAYS, P.J.:
In this delayed, consolidated appeal, defendant-appellant Darius
Hereford (“Hereford”) appeals his sentence arising from multiple cases. The release
of this opinion was deferred pending resolution of the determinative opinion in
State v. Howard, Slip Opinion No. 2020-Ohio-3195. We affirm the trial court’s
judgment.
On October 27, 2016, Hereford was charged in Cuyahoga C.P.
Nos. CR-15-600884 and CR-16-608844 for receiving stolen property,
R.C. 2913.51(A), fourth-degree felonies. Hereford pleaded guilty to the amended
charges of attempted receiving stolen property, R.C. 2923.02 and 2913.51(A), fifth-
degree felonies.
On January 30, 2017, Hereford was sentenced to community control
sanctions (“CCS”) to be served at a community-based control facility (“CBCF”):
So we’re going to give you that one-year period of supervision by the
probation department in each of these two case numbers so you’ll be
doing one thing but it will be satisfying a sentence in each Case
Number. So you’ll go to the CBCF. * * *
Now, you’re on a community sentence. If you violate, the Court will
return you to the courtroom and every time I do that, your — and you’re
found in violation, I can sentence you all over again. I can keep you on
the community sentence once you violate if I want to or I can send you
to prison.
***
If I do send you to prison, I can make it one-year consecutive on each
of these cases; understood?
(Tr. 35-37.)
The journal entries document the findings:
One year of community control on each count, under the supervision
of the adult probation department’s CBCF unit with the following
conditions: defendant to abide by all rules and regulations of the
probation department.
***
Violation of the terms and conditions may result in more restrictive
sanctions, or a prison term of 1 year(s) as approved by law.
Should defendant be sentenced to prison on this case, it would be
served consecutive with case number [CR-16-]608844.
Journal entry No. 97413307 (Jan. 30, 2017), Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-15-600884. The
sentencing entry in Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-16-608884 mirrors Cuyahoga C.P.
No. CR-15-600884 except that it cross-references Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-15-
600884.
On June 22, 2017, Hereford failed to return to CBCF while on a work
pass and was later arrested on new charges. On September 4, 2018, Hereford
admitted to the violation in the instant cases. The trial court extended the sanctions
to September 4, 2020.
So the Court’s going to extend your supervision for a two-year period
starting today. I’m going to remind you that you still have one- year in
prison hanging over your head.
I will remind you that anytime you violate the Court can extend your
supervision, change terms of supervision, or send you to prison[.]
(Tr. 50-51.)
The judgment entries provide:
Court finds defendant Darius Xavier Hereford, to be in violation of
community control sanctions. Community control is extended to
09/04/2020. Defendant is continued on supervision in Group D.
Violation of the terms and conditions may result in more restrictive
sanctions, or a prison term of 1 year(s) as approved by law. This
sentence would be served consecutive with CR 608844.
Journal entry No. 105312375 (Sept. 4, 2018), Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-15-600884.
The language in Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-16-608844 echoes that of the companion
case.
Hereford was subsequently charged in three additional cases
Cuyahoga C.P. Nos. CR-18-631059, CR-18-631844, and CR-18-633903. On
November 15, 2018, Hereford enter a global plea agreement:
Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-18-631059, obstructing official business,
R.C. 2921.31(A), fifth-degree felony, sentenced to 12 months at the
Lorain Correctional Institution, to be served concurrent with the
sentences in Cuyahoga C.P. Nos. CR-18-631844 and CR-18-633903,
but consecutive to the sentences in Cuyahoga C.P. Nos. CR-16-608844,
and CR-15-600884.
Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-18-631844 — two counts of aggravated
menacing, R.C. 2903.21(A), a first-degree misdemeanor, sentenced to
180 days in county jail for each count, to be served concurrent to each
other and concurrent to the sentences in Cuyahoga C.P. Nos. CR-15-
600884, CR-16-608844, CR-18-631059, and CR-18-633903.
Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-18-633903, grand theft, R.C. 2913.02(A)(1), a
fourth-degree felony, sentenced to Lorain Correctional Institution for
18 months to be served concurrent with Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-18-
631059.
In Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-15-600884, Hereford was
sentenced to the Lorain Correctional Institution for a term of 1 year(s).
This sentence is to be served consecutive to [the one-year term in]
Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-16-608844 and also consecutive to the two
concurrent sentences in Cuyahoga C.P. Nos. CR-18-631059 [12
months] and CR-18-633903 [18 months]. No jail time credit applies to
this case as the jail time credit is given in case number Cuyahoga C.P.
No. CR-16-608844.
Journal entry No. 106326861 (Nov. 15, 2018), Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-15-600884.
The trial court also terminated the CCS in Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-16-
608844, and sentenced Hereford to Lorain Correctional Institution for a term of one
year. “This sentence is to be served consecutive with [Cuyahoga C.P. No.] CR-15-
600884 and consecutive with the two concurrent case numbers [Cuyahoga C.P.
Nos.] CR-18-631059 [12 months] and CR-18-633903 [18 months].” Journal entry
No. 106327053, p. 1 (Nov. 15, 2018). “Defendant to receive jail-time credit for 419
day(s), to date.” Id. Hereford was sentenced to a total of three and one-half years.
In summary, Hereford was sentenced to:
Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-15-600884: 1 year in prison, consecutive to
Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-16-608844: 1 year in prison, consecutive to
Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-18-631059: 12 months in prison, concurrent
with CR-18-631844 and CR-18-633903
Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-18-631844: 180 days in jail on each count,
concurrent with each other and concurrent with Cuyahoga C.P. Nos.
CR-18-631059 and CR-18-633903
Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-18-633903: 18 months in prison, concurrent
with Cuyahoga C.P. Nos. CR-18-631059 and CR-18-631844
Journal entry No. 106326861 (Nov. 15, 2018), Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-15-600884,
and journal entry No. 106327053 (Nov. 15, 2018), Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-15-
608844.
On April 23, 2019, this court granted Hereford’s motion for leave to
file a delayed appeal and to consolidate cases State v. Hereford, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga
No. 107996, and State v. Hereford, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 108480.
The single assigned error presented for appeal is whether:
The trial court erred when it imposed a total of two years of
imprisonment in Cuyahoga C.P. Nos. CR-15-600884 and CR-16-
608844 when, at the most recent sentencing in those cases, the trial
court advised that violations of community control sanctions would
only result in one-year of imprisonment.
Hereford argues that, under State v. Brooks, 103 Ohio St.3d 134,
2004-Ohio-4746, 814 N.E.2d 837, paragraph two of the syllabus, a trial court must
advise the defendant at the time of sentencing of the specific prison term that can be
imposed for a violation. Hereford also relies on State v. Fraley, 105 Ohio St.3d 13,
2004-Ohio-7110, 821 N.E.2d 995, for the premise that “a sentencing after a
community control sanctions violation is a sentencing ‘anew’” that requires that the
trial court “add prison consequences for any subsequent violation when extending
community control sanctions after the first violation.” Appellant’s brief at p. 4,
quoting Fraley at ¶ 17.
Hereford does not dispute the legality of the initial community
control sanctions sentence on January 30, 2017, where the transcript and judgment
entries reflect that Hereford was specifically advised:
Court: Now, you’re on a community sentence. If you violate, the
Court will return you to the courtroom and every time I do
that, your — and you’re found in violation, I can sentence
you all over again. I can keep you on the community
sentence once you violate if I want to or I can send you to
prison.
Hereford: Okay.
Court: If I decide to keep you on the community sentence, I can
still change it, make it longer, make it tougher.
Understood?
Hereford: Yes.
Court: If I do send you to prison, I can make it one year
consecutive on each of these cases; understood?
Hereford: Yes.
(Tr. 36-37.)
Hereford challenges the trial court’s statements during the first
violation hearing on September 4, 2018:
So the Court’s going to extend your supervision for a two-year period
starting today [to September 2020]. I’m going to remind you that you
still have one year in prison hanging over your head.
I will remind you that anytime you violate the Court can extend your
supervision, change terms of supervision, or send you to prison?
(Tr. 50-51.) Hereford was further advised that a conviction on the 2018 pending
cases would result in a new probation violation case. The journal entry states that
violations may result in one-year consecutive sentences in each case.
At the inception of the hearing, the bailiff called both cases.
Hereford admitted to the violations and the trial court stated that it “finds
[Hereford] in violation of his supervision in these two cases.” (Tr. 40-41.)
The state counters that Hereford’s alleged error lacks merit because
the trial court provided clarification during the November 15, 2018, hearing:
Court: On September 4th, I found him in violation of his
community-controlled sanctions in both of these PV case
numbers, but that was not done because he picked up
these new cases. * * * You were violated in those two
probation case numbers, and I resentenced you on
September 4th of this year because you didn’t report. * * *
And at that time, I extended your supervision for 1 year,
and that would take you to September 4th of 2019.
Hereford: I remember you saying 2 years.
State: One year in each case consecutive to each other for a total
of 2 years:
Counsel: I have a copy of the journal entry.
Court: I do, too, and let me tell you there is no such thing as
consecutive community control. So we’re changing those.
That’s total error. So I’m going to change this to be 1 year
and we’re going to redo these entries. And I also have a
status here — excuse me. This consecutive business is
saying that he would get consecutive prison sentences. So
that’s why the gentleman is talking 2 years. It isn’t that we
would keep you under supervision necessarily for 2 years,
but if you got sent to prison, you would go for 2 years, 1-
year consecutive. When I looked down and saw the 6 year,
I misread it.
And I also — and I’m being corrected here. Now that I read
this carefully, I also extended your community control to
September 2020, right?
Hereford: Okay, yes, correct.
(Tr. 62-64.)
This court reviews sentences pursuant to R.C. 2953.08(G)(2), which
states in pertinent part:
The appellate courts’ standard for review is not whether the sentencing
court abused its discretion. The appellate court may take any action
authorized by this division if it clearly and convincingly finds * * *
(b) That the sentence is * * * contrary to law.
This court has previously rejected the “overly rigid” construction of
Brooks, 103 Ohio St.3d 134, 2004-Ohio-4746, 814 N.E.2d 837:
R.C. 2929.15(B) sets forth the options from which the court may choose
for any violations of the conditions of a community control sanction; it
states that the sentencing court “may impose a longer time under the
same sanction,” that it “may impose a more restrictive sanction,” or,
too, it “may impose a prison term on the offender pursuant to [section]
2929.14 of the Revised Code.”
State v. Oulhint, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99296, 2013-Ohio-3250, ¶ 11.
Oulhint was informed at his original sentencing hearing that the trial
court may impose a prison term of up to 18 months that could run consecutively to
any prison term imposed for the offense that caused the violation. Id. at ¶ 15.
Oulhint waived the hearing for his first violation. Oulhint argued that the absence
of language regarding the potential prison sentence in the related journal entry
violated this court’s prior holding in State v. Goforth, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 90653,
2008-Ohio-5596, and State v. Fraley, 105 Ohio St.3d 13, 2004-Ohio-7110, 821
N.E.2d 995, relied on by Hereford in this case. This court distinguished those cases
because those “courts held that no error occurred because the court advised the
defendants at subsequent violation hearings the terms that could be imposed.” Id.
at ¶ 18.
We determined that Oulhint was advised of the specific term faced
for violating community control sanctions at the initial hearing. “The trial court was
under no duty to readvise him of the possible sentence at subsequent hearings.”
Oulhint, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99296, 2013-Ohio-3250, ¶ 20.
The decision was further based on our analysis of Fraley and Goforth
in State v. Hodge, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 93245, 2010-Ohio-78, where we
determined:
We construe the holding of the Supreme Court in Fraley narrowly to
mean that a trial court that fails to notify a defendant of the specific
penalty he will face upon violation of community control sanctions at
the initial sentencing, may “cure” that failure at a subsequent violation
hearing by then advising the defendant of the definite term of
imprisonment that may be imposed upon any subsequent finding of
violation. We find nothing in the statute or Fraley that requires a
legally adequate notification in the first instance be given over and over
again.
Finally, Hodge’s citation to State v. Goforth, [8th Dist.] Cuyahoga
No. 90653, 2008-Ohio-5596, is not persuasive. Goforth argued “that
the trial court erred in sentencing her to a term of imprisonment
because the court failed to notify her, at the original sentencing hearing
or in any judgment entry, of the specific prison term that may be
imposed for a violation of the conditions of sanctions.” (Emphasis
added.) Id. at ¶ 10. That is not the case in the matter at bar; Hodge was
clearly notified by judgment entry at the time of the original sentencing
that [s]he would be imprisoned for one year if [s]he violated h[er]
community control sanctions. The language in Goforth that states
“[a]ccordingly, the trial court erred in imposing a term of
imprisonment for the community control violation because the trial
court failed to advise appellant in the judgment entry of the preceding
sentencing hearing that she would be subject to a specific prison time
if she violated community control sanctions[,]” is, in short, about the
necessity of the notice being contained in a judgment entry, not about
the timing of the notice.
(Emphasis added.) Hodge at ¶ 9-10.
Progeny of Brooks and Fraley illuminated the conflicting
interpretations of those cases by lower courts. On June 9, 2020, the Ohio Supreme
Court resolved the issue in State v. Howard, Slip Opinion No. 2020-Ohio-3195.
In this appeal, we determine whether appellant, John M. Howard,
received sufficient notice of the specific prison terms that the trial court
could impose before the court revoked his community-control sentence
and imposed the prison terms. * * * The Tenth District Court of Appeals
determined that because the trial court had notified Howard at his
initial sentencing hearing of the specific prison terms that the court
could impose if Howard were to violate his community-control
conditions, it was not required to repeat that notification before it
imposed the prison terms at a second revocation hearing.
State v. Howard, Slip Opinion No. 2020-Ohio-3195, ¶ 1.1
The court continued:
In Brooks, we determined that compliance with [R.C. 2929.19(B)(4),
formerly R.C. 2929.19(B)(5) prior to September 30, 2011] means that
“a trial court sentencing an offender to a community control sanction
must, at the time of the sentencing,” as opposed to during a plea
hearing, for example, “notify the offender of the specific prison term
that may be imposed for a violation of the conditions of the sanction, as
a prerequisite to imposing a prison term on the offender for a
subsequent violation.” See id. at ¶ 29. And “specific prison term”
means a definite prison term, fixed in months or years, rather than a
range of time. Id. at ¶ 29-31.
The statutorily mandated notice regarding the specific prison term that
the trial court could impose becomes relevant when the offender
violates his community control. The penalties available to a court
sentencing an offender for a community-control violation are
prescribed in R.C. 2929.15(B). One of the possible penalties is a prison
term. R.C. 2929.15(B)(1)(c). But pursuant to R.C. 2929.15(B)(3), if the
court chooses to impose a prison term, the prison term “shall not
exceed the prison term specified in the notice provided to the offender
at the sentencing hearing.”
Id. at ¶ 13-14.
However,
[t]hree months after we decided Brooks, we determined that a trial
court can cure its failure to notify an offender at his initial sentencing
hearing of the potential, specific prison term if it provides that notice at
a revocation hearing that occurs before the revocation hearing at which
the trial court imposes the prison term. State v. Fraley, 105 Ohio St.3d
13, 2004-Ohio-7110, 821 N.E.2d 995. Here, there is no dispute that
Howard received proper notice at his initial sentencing hearing of the
1 The court also addressed the issue of “at what stage a trial court must make the
consecutive-sentences findings required under R.C. 2929.14(C) when the court imposes
consecutive prison sentences following the revocation of community control.” Id. That
issue is not before us.
specific prison terms he could face if he were to violate his community-
control conditions. But Howard argues that Fraley requires a trial
court to repeat the notice at the revocation hearing immediately
preceding the revocation hearing at which the court imposes the prison
term.
***
First, unlike Fraley, Howard was properly notified at his initial
sentencing hearing of the prison terms he could face if he were to
violate his community control and the potential prison terms did not
change between his initial sentencing and the second revocation
hearing at which the court imposed the prison terms. In other words,
Howard was not convicted of any new offense in the intervening period
for which additional prison time could have been imposed. He was
aware throughout the period of his community control that a violation
could result in consecutive prison terms of 17 and 11 months.
Second, to accept Howard’s reading of Fraley, we would have to
conclude that our holding in Fraley was that a trial court must repeat
the prison-term notification at every revocation hearing in order to
preserve its ability to sentence an offender to prison for violating
community control. As we said in Fraley, a court sentencing an
offender at a revocation hearing “sentences the offender anew and
must comply with the relevant sentencing statutes.” Fraley, 105 Ohio
St.3d 13, 2004-Ohio-7110, 821 N.E.2d 995, at ¶ 17. We have since
affirmed that determination in other contexts. See State v. Heinz, 146
Ohio St.3d 374, 2016-Ohio-2814, 56 N.E.3d 965, ¶ 15 (acknowledging
the state’s right to be present at a revocation hearing); State v. Jackson,
150 Ohio St.3d 362, 2016-Ohio-8127, 81 N.E.3d 1237, ¶ 14 (holding that
a revocation hearing is a sentencing hearing for purposes of the
allocution requirements in R.C. 2929.19(A) and Crim.R. 32(A)(1)). But
Fraley should not be read as imposing any requirement on a sentencing
court beyond what the relevant sentencing statutes require.
Howard at ¶ 15, 18-19.
The court examined “R.C. 2929.19(B) and 2929.15(B), to determine
whether the trial court was required to give Howard notice of the specific prison
terms he could face for an additional violation of his community-control
conditions.” Id. at ¶ 20.
At Howard’s first revocation hearing, the court extended the term of his
community control, as it was permitted to do under
R.C. 2929.15(B)(1)(a). No new terms were imposed. In this
circumstance, neither R.C. 2929.19(B) nor R.C. 2929.15(B) required
that Howard again receive notice of the specific prison terms he could
face for a subsequent violation of his community control.
At Howard’s second revocation hearing, the court imposed the exact
prison terms that it had provided Howard notice of at his initial
sentencing hearing. R.C. 2929.15(B)(3) mandates that a prison term
imposed on an offender following revocation of community control
“shall not exceed the prison term specified in the notice provided to the
offender at the sentencing hearing pursuant to division (B)(2) of
section 2929.19 of the Revised Code.”
Id. at ¶ 21-22.
The trial court rejected Howard’s position:
But Howard’s proposed reading of the statute would require us to add
language to it prescribing notice of the potential prison term “at the
sentencing hearing [immediately preceding the one at which
community control is revoked and a prison sentence is imposed].”
(Bracketed language represents the proposed added language.) We
decline to do so. As we explained in Brooks, the purpose of the notice
requirement in R.C. 2929.19(B)(4) “is to make the offender aware
before a violation of the specific prison term that he or she will face for
a violation.” (Emphasis sic.) [State v. Brooks], 103 Ohio St.3d 134,
2004-Ohio-4746, 814 N.E.2d 837, at ¶ 33.
Id. at ¶ 22.
Thus, the court concluded that the statutory purpose was met by
providing “sufficient notice at [Howard’s] initial sentencing hearing of his potential
prison terms.” Id.
Howard presents no persuasive authority for reading the statutes or
our caselaw as requiring more. Therefore, we affirm the Tenth District’s
judgment that the trial court was not required to renotify Howard of his
potential prison terms before it imposed the prison terms.
Id.
Hereford was advised at the initial sentencing of the potential prison
terms. “R.C. 2929.15(B)(3) mandates that a prison term imposed on an offender
following revocation of community control ‘shall not exceed the prison term
specified in the notice provided to the offender at the sentencing hearing pursuant
to division (B)(2) of section 2929.19 of the Revised Code.’” Howard at ¶ 22.
As previously stated, Hereford argues that his stated prison term was
modified to only one year at his second CCS violation hearing; we find that this
argument is misplaced. We find that under the facts of this case, Hereford was
properly advised of his potential prison terms at his initial sentencing.
The assigned error is overruled.
The trial court’s judgment is affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the
common pleas court to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
_________________________________
ANITA LASTER MAYS, PRESIDING JUDGE
LARRY A. JONES, SR., J., and
MICHELLE J. SHEEHAN, J., CONCUR