Com. v. Dowling, D. ( 2023 )

J-S24039-23
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
DARRIUS DOWLING :
:
Appellant : No. 6 MDA 2023
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered December 20, 2022
In the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-22-CR-0000449-2022
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
DARRIUS D. DOWLING :
:
Appellant : No. 11 MDA 2023
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered December 20, 2022
In the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-22-CR-0001850-2022
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., LAZARUS, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*
MEMORANDUM BY STEVENS, P.J.E.: FILED: AUGUST 1, 2023
In these consolidated appeals,1 Darrius Dowling appeals from the
December 20, 2022 judgment of sentence ordering him to serve one year of
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* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1 The appeals in this matter were sua sponte consolidated by this Court on
February 2, 2023. See Per Curiam order, 2/2/23.
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probation and to pay $3,185.41 in restitution and $75 in fines. This sentence
was imposed after Appellant was found guilty in a bench trial of accidents
involving damage to attended vehicle or property, duty to give information
and render aid, possession of a small amount of marijuana, and possession of
drug paraphernalia.2 Contemporaneously with this appeal, Spencer H.C.
Bradley, Esq. (hereinafter, “Counsel”), has filed a brief and petition to
withdraw in accordance with Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967),
Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349 (Pa. 2009), and its progeny.
After careful review, we grant Counsel’s petition to withdraw and affirm the
judgement of sentence.3
The relevant facts and procedural history of this case, as gleaned from
the certified record, are as follows: On December 2, 2021, Appellant was
charged at docket no. CP-22-CR-0000449-2022 with accidents involving
damage to attended vehicle or property and duty to give information and
render aid. At docket no. CP-22-CR-0001850-2022, Appellant was charged
with possession of a small amount of marijuana and possession of drug
paraphernalia. These charges stemmed from Appellant’s involvement in a
December 1, 2021 hit and run accident with another vehicle in the parking lot
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2 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3743(a), § 3744(a), 35 P.S. § 780-113(31) and § 780-
113(32), respectively.
3 The Commonwealth has indicated that it will not be filing an appellate brief
in this matter and agrees with Counsel that Appellant’s appeal is frivolous.
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of Weis Market in Susquehanna Township, Pennsylvania. Notes of testimony,
12/20/22 at 5-7. Upon locating Appellant’s vehicle, responding officers
discovered remnants of marijuana blunts on the vehicle’s dashboard totaling
less than 30 grams. Id. at 16-19. As a result of the collision, the victim’s
vehicle sustained extensive damage to the driver side door, tires, and rod
which resulted in $3,185.41 in repairs. Id. at 6, 9, 35.
The Commonwealth sought joinder of these two cases for trial. On
December 20, 2022, Appellant waived his right to a jury and appeared for a
bench trial before the Honorable Deborah E. Curcillo. Following a one-day
trial, Appellant was found guilty of accidents involving damage to attended
vehicle or property, duty to give information and render aid, possession of a
small amount of marijuana, and possession of drug paraphernalia. That same
day, Appellant was sentenced to serve one year of probation and to pay
$3,185.41 in restitution and $75 in fines.
On December 28, 2022, Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal.4 On
December 30, 2022, the trial court ordered Appellant to file a concise
statement of errors complained of on appeal, in accordance with Pa.R.A.P.
1925(b). On January 12, 2023, Counsel entered his appearance on behalf on
Appellant. Following an extension, Counsel filed statement of intent to file an
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4 Appellant was represented by Jason M. Jeffries, Esq. at the time he filed his
appeal.
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Anders brief on February 13, 2023.5 On March 8, 2023, the trial court filed
a statement in lieu of Rule 1925(a) opinion. Thereafter, on April 24, 2023,
Counsel filed an Anders brief and a petition to withdraw. Appellant has not
responded to Counsel’s petition to withdraw.
As a preliminary matter, to withdraw under Anders, counsel must
satisfy certain technical requirements. First, counsel must “petition the court
for leave to withdraw and state that after making a conscientious examination
of the record, he has determined that the appeal is frivolous.”
Commonwealth v. Martuscelli, 54 A.3d 940, 947 (Pa.Super. 2012), quoting
Santiago, 978 A.2d at 361. Second, counsel must file an Anders brief, in
which counsel:
(1) provide[s] a summary of the procedural history
and facts, with citations to the record; (2) refer[s] to
anything in the record that counsel believes arguably
supports the appeal; (3) set[s] forth counsel’s
conclusion that the appeal is frivolous; and(4) state[s]
counsel’s reasons for concluding that the appeal is
frivolous. Counsel should articulate the relevant facts
of record, controlling case law, and/or statutes on
point that have led to the conclusion that the appeal
is frivolous.
Santiago, 978 A.2d at 361.
With respect to the briefing requirements, “[n]either Anders nor
McClendon requires that counsel’s brief provide an argument of any sort, let
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5 Counsel incorrectly styled his statement of intent to file an Anders brief as
a “concise statement of matters complained of on appeal.” See Pa.R.A.P
1925(c)(4).
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alone the type of argument that counsel develops in a merits brief. [W]hat
the brief must provide under Anders are references to anything in the record
that might arguably support the appeal.” Santiago, 978 A.2d at 359-360.
Finally, counsel must furnish a copy of the Anders brief to his client and
“advise[] him of his right to retain new counsel, proceed pro se or raise any
additional points that he deems worthy of the court’s attention, and attach[]
to the Anders petition a copy of the letter sent to the client.”
Commonwealth v. Daniels, 999 A.2d 590, 594 (Pa.Super. 2010) (citation
omitted). “[If] counsel has satisfied the above requirements, it is then this
Court’s duty to conduct its own review of the trial court’s proceedings and
render an independent judgment as to whether the appeal is, in fact, wholly
frivolous.” Commonwealth v. Goodwin, 928 A.2d 287, 291 (Pa.Super.
2007) (en banc) (quotation marks and quotation omitted).
Our review of Counsel’s petition to withdraw, supporting documentation,
and his Anders brief reveals that he has substantially complied with all of the
foregoing requirements. We note that Counsel also furnished a copy of the
brief to Appellant, advised him of his right to retain new counsel, proceed pro
se, and/or raise any additional points that he deems worthy of this Court’s
attention. The letter properly advised Appellant of his rights under
Commonwealth v. Millisock, 873 A.2d 748, 751-752 (Pa.Super. 2005). As
Counsel has complied with all of the requirements set forth above, we
conclude that counsel has satisfied the procedural requirements of Anders
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and Santiago. We, therefore, proceed to conduct an independent review to
ascertain whether the appeal is wholly frivolous. See Commonwealth v.
Yorgey, 188 A.3d 1190, 1197 (Pa.Super. 2018) (en banc).
Counsel’s Anders brief sets forth the following four issues that Appellant
wishes to raise on appeal:
A. Joinder
Appellant first argues that the trial court abused its discretion in joining
his two cases for trial. Anders brief at 14-15.
It is well settled that the decision “[w]hether to join or sever offenses
for trial is within the trial court’s discretion and will not be reversed on appeal
absent a manifest abuse thereof, or prejudice and clear injustice to the
defendant.” Commonwealth v. Johnson, 236 A.3d 1141, 1150 (Pa.Super.
2020) (citation omitted), appeal denied, 242 A.3d 304 (Pa. 2020).
Pennsylvania Rule of Criminal Procedure 582 governs of the joinder of
separate indictments or criminal informations for trial and provides, in relevant
part, as follows:
(A) Standards
(1) Offenses charged in separate indictments or
informations may be tried together if:
(a) the evidence of each of the offenses would
be admissible in a separate trial for the
other and is capable of separation by the
jury so that there is no danger of
confusion; or
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(b) the offenses charged are based on the
same act or transaction.
Pa.R.Crim.P. 582(A)(1)(a)-(b).
Instantly, the trial court elected to consolidate the charges set forth in
CP-22-CR-0000449-2022 and CP-22-CR-0001850-2022 for Appellant’s bench
trial, as they were based on the same act or transaction. We conclude that
this decision was fully within the discretion of the trial court and Appellant was
not prejudiced and did not suffer clear injustice as a result of the consolidation.
Appellant’s claim to the contrary is wholly frivolous.
B. Sufficiency & Weight of the Evidence
Appellant next argues that there was insufficient evidence to sustain his
convictions for the aforementioned offenses because the testimony presented
at trial failed to establish that he was the driver of the vehicle in question.
Anders brief at 16-22. Though couched in terms of both sufficiency and
weight, Appellant’s claim challenging his identification as the driver of the
vehicle is more properly construed as a challenge to the weight of the
evidence. See Commonwealth v. Cain, 906 A.2d 1242, 1245 (Pa.Super.
2006) (stating, “any uncertainty in an eyewitness’s identification of a
defendant is a question of the weight of the evidence, not its sufficiency”),
appeal denied, 916 A.2d 1101 (Pa. 2007); Commonwealth v. Wilson, 825
A.2d 710, 713-714 (Pa.Super. 2003) (explaining sufficiency of evidence
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review does not include assessment of credibility, which is more properly
characterized as challenge to weight of evidence).
Here, the record reflects that the victim, Janetta King, identified
Appellant in court as the driver of the BMW that struck her automobile on the
day in question. Notes of testimony, 12/20/22 at 7. King also identified
Appellant as the individual in a photograph of the BMW’s operator that
responding Police Officer Benjamin Gainer obtained from Weis Market
following the accident. Id. at 11, 15. Officer Benjamin’s subsequent
investigation determined that Appellant was the registered owner of this BMW,
which was found abandoned across the street from the accident scene. Id.
at 17-18. Appellant, on the contrary, presented testimony that he was in
Pottstown, Pennsylvania, on the day of the accident, quarantined with Covid-
19 with his girlfriend, Brittany Johnston. Id. at 22, 29-30.
This Court has recognized that “a true weight of the evidence challenge
concedes that sufficient evidence exists to sustain the verdict but questions
which evidence is to be believed.” Commonwealth v. Miller, 172 A.3d 632,
643 (Pa.Super. 2017) (citation omitted), appeal denied, 183 A.3d 970 (Pa.
2018). “An allegation that the verdict is against the weight of the evidence is
addressed to the discretion of the trial court.” Commonwealth v. Galvin,
985 A.2d 783, 793 (Pa. 2009) (citation omitted), cert. denied, 559 U.S. 1051(2010).
Because the trial judge has had the opportunity to
hear and see the evidence presented, an appellate
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court will give the gravest consideration to the
findings and reasons advanced by the trial judge when
reviewing a trial court’s determination that the verdict
is against the weight of the evidence. One of the least
assailable reasons for granting or denying a new trial
is the lower court’s conviction that the verdict was or
was not against the weight of the evidence and that a
new trial should be granted in the interest of justice.
This does not mean that the exercise of discretion by
the trial court in granting or denying a motion for a
new trial based on a challenge to the weight of the
evidence is unfettered. In describing the limits of a
trial court’s discretion, we have explained[,] [t]he
term “discretion” imports the exercise of judgment,
wisdom and skill so as to reach a dispassionate
conclusion within the framework of the law, and is not
exercised for the purpose of giving effect to the will of
the judge. Discretion must be exercised on the
foundation of reason, as opposed to prejudice,
personal motivations, caprice or arbitrary actions.
Discretion is abused where the course pursued
represents not merely an error of judgment, but
where the judgment is manifestly unreasonable or
where the law is not applied or where the record
shows that the action is a result of partiality,
prejudice, bias or ill-will.
Commonwealth v. Clay, 64 A.3d 1049, 1055 (Pa. 2013) (citations and
emphasis omitted).
Upon review, we find that Appellant’s claim that the verdict was against
the weight of the evidence must fail. “[T]he trier of fact while passing upon
the credibility of witnesses and the weight of the evidence produced, is free
to believe all, part or none of the evidence.” Commonwealth v.
Andrulewicz, 911 A.2d 162, 165 (Pa.Super. 2006) (citation omitted), appeal
denied, 926 A.2d 972 (Pa. 2007).
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Here, the trial judge, sitting as factfinder, clearly found the identification
testimony of King and Officer Gainer credible, and elected not to believe
Appellant’s version of the events. We are precluded from reweighing the
evidence and substituting our judgment for that of the factfinder. Clay, 64
A.3d at 1055. Accordingly, we conclude that Appellant’s weight claim is wholly
frivolous.
C. Discretionary Aspects of Sentencing
Appellant next argues that his sentence one year of probation was
excessive and unreasonable. Anders brief at 23-24.
“Sentencing is a matter vested in the sound discretion of the sentencing
judge, and a sentence will not be disturbed on appeal absent a manifest abuse
of discretion.” Commonwealth v. Zirkle, 107 A.3d 127, 132 (Pa.Super.
2014) (citation omitted), appeal denied, 117 A.3d 297 (Pa. 2015). Appellant
must “establish, by reference to the record, that the sentencing court ignored
or misapplied the law, exercised its judgment for reasons of partiality,
prejudice, bias or ill will, or arrived at a manifestly unreasonable decision.”
Commonwealth v. Bullock, 170 A.3d 1109, 1123 (Pa.Super. 2017) (citation
omitted), appeal denied, 184 A.3d 944 (Pa. 2018).
Where an appellant challenges the discretionary aspects of his sentence,
as is the case here, the right to appellate review is not absolute.
Commonwealth v. Conte, 198 A.3d 1169, 1173 (Pa.Super. 2018), appeal
denied, 206 A.3d 1029 (Pa. 2019). On the contrary, an appellant challenging
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the discretionary aspects of his sentence must invoke this court’s jurisdiction
by satisfying the following four-part test:
(1) whether the appeal is timely; (2) whether
appellant preserved his issue; (3) whether appellant’s
brief includes a concise statement of the reasons
relied upon for allowance of appeal with respect to the
discretionary aspects of sentence; and (4) whether
the concise statement raises a substantial question
that the sentence is appropriate under the sentencing
code.
Commonwealth v. Carrillo-Diaz, 64 A.3d 722, 725 (Pa.Super. 2013)
(citations omitted).
Instantly, the record reveals that although Appellant filed a timely notice
of appeal, he failed to include a statement in his brief that comports with the
requirements of Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f), nor filed a post-sentence motion
preserving his sentencing claims. Nevertheless, Anders requires this court
to review issues otherwise waived on appeal. Commonwealth v. Lilley, 978
A.2d 995, 998 (Pa.Super. 2009). Accordingly, we must now determine
whether Appellant has raised a substantial question.
Instantly, the trial court sentenced Appellant to an aggregate term of
one year of probation, which was well within the standard range of the
Sentencing Guidelines. 204 Pa.Code. § 303.16(a). This Court has long
recognized that “[a] bald or generic assertion that a sentence is excessive
does not, by itself, raise a substantial question justifying this Court’s review
of the merits of the underlying claim.” Commonwealth v. Christine, 78
A.3d 1, 10 (Pa.Super. 2013) (citation omitted), affirmed, 125 A.3d 394 (Pa.
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2015). Additionally, “a claim of excessiveness that is raised against a
sentence within the statutory limits fails to raise a substantial question as a
matter of law.” Commonwealth v. Mouzon, 812 A.2d 617, 623 (Pa. 2002).
Accordingly, we find that Appellant has failed to raise a substantial
question for our review and his first discretionary sentencing claim is wholly
frivolous.
D. Restitution
Appellant next argues that the trial court abused its discretion in
ordering him to pay $3,185.41 in restitution to the victim. Anders brief at
24-25.
“[I]ssues concerning amount of restitution implicate the discretionary
aspects of a defendant’s sentence.” Commonwealth v. Solomon, 247 A.3d
1163, 1167 (2021) (citation omitted), appeal denied, 274 A.3d 1221 (Pa.
2022). It is well settled in this Commonwealth that a trial court will have been
found to have abused its discretion if it “order[ed] speculative or excessive
restitution or enter[ed] a restitution award not supported by the record.” Id.
at 1168 (citations omitted).
Here, the record reflects that the victim testified that she had to have
her vehicle repaired as a result of the accident which cost $3,185.41, and
Appellant’s counsel had full opportunity to cross-examine her. Notes of
testimony, 12/20/22 at 9, 35. Based on the foregoing, we find that Appellant’s
challenge to the restitution amount is wholly frivolous.
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Finally, our independent review of the entire record, as required
pursuant to Anders, reveals no additional non-frivolous claims. Yorgey, 188
A.3d at 1195. Accordingly, we grant Counsel’s petition to withdraw and affirm
Appellant’s December 20, 2022 judgment of sentence.
Petition to withdraw granted. Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 1/03/2023
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