State v. Whethers , 2023 Ohio 1088 ( 2023 )

[Cite as State v. Whethers, 2023-Ohio-1088.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
ELEVENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
LAKE COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO, CASE NO. 2022-L-091
Plaintiff-Appellee,
Criminal Appeal from the
- vs - Court of Common Pleas
JOSHUA M. WHETHERS,
Trial Court No. 2021 CR 001333
Defendant-Appellant.
OPINION
Decided: March 31, 2023
Judgment: Affirmed
Charles E. Coulson, Lake County Prosecutor, and Kristi L. Winner, Assistant Prosecutor,
Lake County Administration Building, 105 Main Street, P.O. Box 490, Painesville, OH
44077 (For Plaintiff-Appellee).
Martin Yavorcik, 940 Windham Court, Suite 7, Youngstown, OH 44512 (For Defendant-
Appellant).
MARY JANE TRAPP, J.
{¶1} Appellant, Joshua M. Whethers (“Mr. Whethers”), appeals from the
judgment of the Lake County Court of Common Pleas, which sentenced him to an
indefinite term of imprisonment of eight to 12 years for possession of fentanyl and a
concurrent, 24-month term of imprisonment for possession of cocaine.
{¶2} In his sole assignment of error, Mr. Whethers attacks the constitutionality of
the Reagan Tokes Act, arguing it violates his rights to trial by jury and due process and
the doctrine of separation of powers.
{¶3} We overrule Mr. Whethers’ assignment of error based on this court’s
precedent in State v. Moran, 2022-Ohio-3610, 198 N.E.3d 922 (11th Dist.) (“Moran II”),
and State v. Taylor, 2022-Ohio-3611, 198 N.E.3d 956 (11th Dist.). In those cases, we
determined that the Reagan Tokes Act does not violate the doctrine of separation of
powers or a defendant’s constitutional rights to due process, fair trial, or trial by jury. We
also found that the Act is not void for vagueness.
{¶4} The judgment of the Lake County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
Substantive and Procedural History
{¶5} In November 2021, the state of Ohio filed a bill of information, which
charged Mr. Whethers with one count of possession of a fentanyl-related compound, a
felony of the first-degree, in violation of R.C. 2925.11, with a forfeiture specification for
contraband in violation of R.C. 2941.1417 and R.C. 2981.04, and one count of possession
of cocaine, a felony of the third-degree, in violation of R.C. 2925.11, with a forfeiture
specification for contraband in violation of R.C. 2941.1417 and R.C. 2981.04.
{¶6} Mr. Whethers’ charges stemmed from two separate incidents. The first
incident occurred in June 2019. Mr. Whethers was a passenger in a vehicle that was
pulled over in a traffic stop by the Willoughby Police Department. Consent was given to
search a vehicle in which Mr. Whethers had been sitting in the back seat. In the back
seat, the officers discovered marijuana, heroin, and carfentanil. The second incident
occurred in 2021. Shortly before midnight on a night in late October, Lake County Sheriff
deputies observed a vehicle enter a parking lot and turn off its headlights. When no one
exited the vehicle, the officers approached. Mr. Whethers falsely identified himself and
indicated that he was suffering a seizure. When emergency personnel placed Mr.
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Whethers on a gurney, a large bolus near his right ankle was found that contained
narcotics, including various forms of fentanyl and cocaine, as well as a scale.
{¶7} Mr. Whethers pleaded guilty to both counts. The trial court sentenced Mr.
Whethers to an indefinite eight- to 12-year term of imprisonment for possession of a
fentanyl-related compound and a concurrent, 24-month term of imprisonment for
possession of cocaine.
{¶8} Mr. Whethers raises one assignment of error for our review:
{¶9} “As amended by the Reagan Tokes Act, the Revised Code’s sentences for
qualifying felonies violates the constitutions of the United States and the State of Ohio.”
The Constitutionality of the Reagan Tokes Act
{¶10} In his sole assignment of error, Mr. Whethers contends the Reagan Tokes
Act violates the Constitutions of the United States and the state of Ohio. More specifically,
Mr. Whethers contends the Reagan Tokes Act violates his rights to trial by jury and due
process as well as the doctrine of separation of powers.
{¶11} In Moran II, supra, and Taylor, supra, we determined that the Reagan Tokes
Act does not violate the doctrine of separation of powers, nor does it violate a defendant’s
constitutional rights to due process, a fair trial, or trial by jury. We also rejected a void for
vagueness challenge. Thus, because we found the Reagan Tokes Act constitutional for
the reasons stated in those opinions, we overrule Mr. Whethers’ assignment of error,
finding it to be without merit.
{¶12} Moreover, we note that the Reagan Tokes Act has been found constitutional
by the First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, and Twelfth Districts.
See State v. Guyton, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-190657, 2022-Ohio-2962, appeal
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accepted, 168 Ohio St.3d 1418, 2022-Ohio-3752, 196 N.E.3d 850; State v. Ferguson, 2d
Dist. Montgomery No. 28644, 2020-Ohio-4153; State v. Hacker, 2020-Ohio-5048, 161
N.E.3d 112 (3d Dist.), appeal accepted in part, 161 Ohio St.3d 1449, 2021-Ohio-534, 163
N.E.3d 585; State v. Bontrager, 2022-Ohio-1367, 188 N.E.3d 607 (4th Dist.); State v.
Ratliff, 2022-Ohio-1372, 190 N.E.3d 684 (5th Dist.), appeal accepted, 167 Ohio St.3d
1481, 2022-Ohio-2765, 192 N.E.3d 516; State v. Maddox, 2022-Ohio-1350, 188 N.E.3d
682 (6th Dist.); State v. Runner, 2022-Ohio-4756, --- N.E.3d --- (7th Dist.); State v.
Delvallie, 2022-Ohio-470, 185 N.E.3d 536 (8th Dist.) (en banc), appeal accepted, 166
Ohio St.3d 1496, 2022-Ohio-1485, 186 N.E.3d 830; State v. Guyton, 12th Dist. Butler No.
CA2019-12-203, 2020-Ohio-3837.
{¶13} The issue of whether the Reagan Tokes Act is constitutional is currently
pending before the Supreme Court of Ohio. See State v. Hacker, case no. 2020-1496,
and State v. Simmons, case no. 2021-0532.
{¶14} The judgment of the Lake County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
JOHN J. EKLUND, P.J.,
MATT LYNCH, J.,
concur.
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